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Golgi

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20 views20 pages

Golgi

Uploaded by

tamilavatar06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Golgi apparatus

The post office of the cell


Membrane-enclosed organelle in eukaryotic cells in which proteins and lipids
transferred from the ER are modified and sorted
The Golgi Apparatus

Located near the nucleus

“ flattened, disklike, membranous cisternae which are


stacks of plates with associated
piled up like
vesicles and tubules”
Each stack contain 3-20 cisternae

One large stack to 100s of smaller ones


Golgi stacks

2 distinct faces

1. cis or entry face: adjacent to ER


2. trans or exit face: towards the PM

Outermost cisternae connected to network of


interconnected tubes and vesicles.
the sorting
station:
What happens as the protein travels from cis
to the trans side of cisternae?

• addition or removal of sugars from cargo proteins


glycosylation
•
the addition of sulphate groups sulfation
• the addition of phosphate groups

phosphorylation
What modifies the protein as it travels?

• Cargo proteins are modified by enzymes called


resident enzymes located within each cisterna.

• The enzymes sequentially add the appropriate modifications


to the cargo proteins
Why these modifications?

Act as signals to direct the proteins to


their final destinations within cells, including the lysosome and the
plasma membrane.
What happens when there are defects in
Golgi function?
• Defects in various aspects of Golgi function can result in

•congenital glycosylation
disorders
• some forms of muscular dystrophy, and

• may contribute to diabetes, cancer, and cystic fibrosis


How do cargo proteins move between the
Golgi cisternae?
The Transport
• Soluble protein and membrane enter the cis Golgi
network via transport vesicle derived from the ER.

• The protein travel thru the cisternae with the help


of transport vesicles.

• Bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next.

• Protein finally exit from trans Golgi network


destined for either the cell surface or another
compartment.
Modification of protein in golgi
• In some proteins complex oligosaccharides are created by a highly
ordered sequence.

• Sugars are added and removed thru a series of enzymes which act in
a rigidly determined sequence as the protein passes thru the golgi
stack.

• Enzymes that act early are found close to cis face.

• Enzymes that act late are found in cisternae near the trans face.
Carbohydrate Synthesis

1. Large proportion of carbohydrates that it makes are attached


as oligosaccharide subunit to the proteins and lipids the ER send
to it.
Subset of these oligosaccharide group serve as tags to direct
specific proteins to vesicles

2. Site of synthesis of most of a cell’s complex polysaccharides

A. Glycosaminoglycan chains of the proteoglycan-ECM

B. Pectin and hemicellulose in plants


Coat protein complex (COP) II vesicles export newly synthesized secretory
proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

whereas COPI vesicles facilitate traffic from the Golgi to the ER and intra-
Golgi transport.

Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) are responsible for transporting cargo


between organelles in the post-Golgi network, including the trans-Golgi
network (TGN), endosomes, lysosomes, and the cell membrane.

Clathrin-coated vesicles mediate transport from the Golgi apparatus to


endosomes, and from the plasma membrane to endosomes

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