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Understanding Elastic and Inelastic Collisions

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31 views15 pages

Understanding Elastic and Inelastic Collisions

Uploaded by

abhinandade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COEFFICIENT OF

RESTITUTION
Understanding elastic and inelastic
Collisions.
WHAT IS COEFFICIENT OF
RESTITUTION
 Definition:The Coefficient of Restitution (COR) is a ratio
that describes the relative velocities of two objects
after and before an impact.
 It is used to measure elasticity of a collision.
 Formula e where,
 v1,v2 : velocities after collison.
 u1,u2 : velocities before collision.
CONSERVATION OF
MOMENTUM
A Fundamental Principle of Physics
WHAT IS LAW OF
CONSERVATION OF
MOMENTUM…?

 DEFINATION: It states that the total momentum


of a body or system remains constant if there
is no external force acting on it.
 Momentum is produt of mass and velocity.
P = mv
 Mathematically m1u1+m2u2 = m1v1+m2v
UNDERSTANDING
MOMENTUM
 Momentum depends on mass and
velocity.
 Itis a vector quantity(has magnitude
and direction)
 Conservationoccurs only in isolated
system(no external forces like friction)
DERIVATION OF LAW OF MOMENTUM

 F1 is force exerted by body 1 on 2 and F2 is the force exerted by body 2 on 1 during


impact.
But f1=f2 ∫m.dv = ∫0
Therefore F = F1-F2=0 mv = constant
for system F=0 the momentum of system remains unchanged
as per Newton’s Second law of motion : after impact this is principle of conservation
(mv)=F of momentum.
=0 for impact between two particles,
m.dv=0 m1u1+m1u1= m1v1+m2v2
where,m1 and m2 masses of particle m1 and
m2
Integrating on both sides u1 and u2 velocities of particle before
v1 and v2 velocities after impact.
NUMERICALS ON IMPACT BETWEEN
TWO BODIES :
1. A 20 mg railroad car moving with 0.5 m/s speed to the right collides with a 35
mg car which is at rest .If after the collision the 35 mg car is observed to move
right with a speed of 0.3 m/s,determine the coefficient of restitution between the
two cars.
Solution :
 Given, Mass of railroad car 1 (m₁): 20 Mg = 20,000 kg
 Mass of railroad car 2 (m₂): 35 Mg = 35,000 kg
 Initial velocity of car 1 (u₁): 0.5 m/s
 Initial velocity of car 2 (u₂): 0 m/s
 Final velocity of car 2 (v₂): 0.3 m/s
 Final velocity of car 1 (v₁): To be determined.
 Find: Coefficient of restitution
step- 1: Applying law of conservation of momentum

m1​u1​+m2​u2​=m1​v1​+m2​v2​

20,000(0.5)+35,000(0)=20,000v1​+35,000(0.3)
Simplify:
10,000=20,000v1+10,500
Solve for v1,
-20,000v1​=−500

v1​=−0.025m/s

step 2: Use the Coefficient of Restitution Formula

e=

Substitute the values: e=

e = 0.65
2. A 20 Mg railroad car moving with 0.5 m/s speed to
the right collides with a 35 Mg car which is at rest. If
after the collision the 35 Mg car is observed to move
right with a speed of 0.3 m/s, determine the
coefficient of restitution between the two cars.
solution :

Given :
m1=0.6 kg
m2=0.9 kg
u1=4 m/s
u2= -2 m/s
v2= 2.5 m/s(vel.of B after impact )

Find: Coefficient of restitution

1. Apply the principle of momentum conservation:

Momentum before = Momentum after

m1u1+m2u2=m1v1+m2v2m₁u₁

​Substitute the known values:


Simplify:

2.4−1.8=0.6v1+2.25

0.6 = 0.6v1+2.25

V1=

v1= -2.75 m/s (to the left )

2. Use the coefficient of restitution formula:


The coefficient of restitution is defined as:

e=

Relative velocity after collision:

v2−v1=2.5−(−2.75)
=2.5+2.75
=5.25 m/s
Relative velocity before collision:

u1−u2=
=4−(−2)
=4+2=6 m/s

substitute into the formula:

e=

e=0.875.

3. Determine the velocities of the two balls shown in Fig. P.


17.10.3 after impact. Take weight of ball A is 20 N, weight of ball
B is 10 N and coefficient of restitution is 0.6.

Given: -

Weight of ball A (W_A) = 20 N


Weight of ball B (W_B) = 10 N –
Initial velocity of A (u_A) = 6 m/s (to the right)
Initial velocity of B (u_B) = -8 m/s (to the left) –
Coefficient of restitution (e) = 0.6

Solution:

Step 1:

Calculate the mass of A and B - Mass of A and B

from the relation W = mg,


where,
g=9.8,m/,
Mass of A :
= =≈2.04 kg
= = ≈1.02 kg

Step 2: Apply the coefficient of restitution


equation
e=

0.6=
=0.6

= 8.4………..(1)

Step 3: Apply the conservation of


momentum

The total moment before and after impact


are conserved
mAuA + mBuB = mAvA + mBvB

(2.04)(6) + (1.02)(-8) = (2.04)vA +


(1.02)vB

12.24 - 8.16 = 2.04vA + 1.02vB

4.08 = 2.04vA + 1.02vB ... (2)

Step 4: Solve equations (1) and (2)


From (1):
vB = vA + 8.4 ... (3)
Substitute (3) into (2):
4.08 = 2.04vA + 1.02(vA + 8.4)
3.06vA = 4.08 - 8.568
3.06vA = -4.488
vA = -4.488 / 3.06 = -1.47 m/s (approximately)

From (3):
vB = -1.47 + 8.4 = 6.93 m/s (approximately)

Final Answer: -

Velocity of A after impact: vA = -1.47 m/s (to the left)

Velocity of B after impact: vB = 6.93 m/s (to the right)


THANK YOU….

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