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Basic Concept of Control System-ENERGY

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32 views16 pages

Basic Concept of Control System-ENERGY

Uploaded by

Tarik Tawfeek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Systems

Instructor: Tarik Tawfeek


• Pre-requisites :
• Mathematical background

Prerequisite by topics
 Knowledge in MATLAB
 Concept and solution of linear ordinary differential equations
 Laplace transform and its applications
 Vectors and matrices
 Complex numbers
Grade Distribution
• Midterm exam1: 30 %
• Midterm exam2: 20%
• Homework average: 5 %
• Quizzes: 5 %
• Final exam: 40 %
• Grading Scale: 100%
Input Control System Output

The aim of this course is to provide the students with the know how to analyse
the control systems with the help of mathematical models.

Learning Outcomes
After completing this course, student will be able to:
• Understand the basic concepts of different control system.
• know how to use MATLAB to solve various control system mathematical models
• Recognize the techniques to improve the performance of the control systems
based on the requirements.
• Make a simulation for different control system.
Course Contents
• WEEK-01: Basic Concepts of Control Systems
• WEEK-02: Introduction to MATLAB
• WEEK-03:Vectors and Matrices Arithmetic Operations
• WEEK-04: Polynomials
• WEEK-05: Laplace transformation and its applications
• WEEK-06: Control Systems - Mathematical Models and Block Diagram
• WEEK-07: Modelling of Mechanical System
• WEEK-08: Modelling of Rotational Mechanical Systems
• WEEK-09: Modeling of Hydraulic Systems
• WEEK-10: Block Diagram Reduction Techniques
• WEEK-11: Control Systems - Signal Flow Graphs
• WEEK-12: Mason's Gain Formula
Lecture - 01
Basic Concept of Control Systems
Learning Outcomes
1. Define a control system.
2. Recognize why control systems are important.
3. understand the basic components of a control system.
4. Give some examples of control-system applications.
5. Recognize the types of control systems.
Control System
Control System is a system, which provides the desired response by
controlling the output.

Simple block diagram of a control system

Input Control System Output

• The control system is represented by a single block.


• The output is controlled by varying input.
• The input can be varied with some mechanism.
Control System Terminology

• The process: Is the component (or group of components) to be controlled.


• Input: Excitation applied to a control system from an external source.
• Output: The response obtained from a system
• Open-Loop: Simple control system which performs its function with-out concerns for
initial conditions or external inputs.
• Must be closely monitored. Or a Systems in which the output quantity has no effect
upon the process input quantity. (No sense, measure and compare )
• Closed loop systems: Systems in which the output has an effect upon the process input
quantity. comparator is used to compare the measured signal with the reference one to
produce error.
• Disturbance: Is a signal which has adversely affect the system performance
• Reference signal (set point) Represents the desired quantity.
• Comparator Is used to compare reference and measured signal and produce
the error
• The controller Is the component (or group component ) that controls the
process. The objective of the controller is to make the actual values of the
process output variables equal to the desired values. The Controller uses
the error signal to produce the control action
• -Actuator Actuates the control action
• Sensor- Senses the actual quantity.
• The process inputs Are the variables that are manipulated by the controller.
• The process outputs Are the variables to be controlled.
Classification of Control System
Control Systems can be classified based on the followings:

1- Number of inputs and outputs present


a-SISO (Single Input and Single Output) control systems have one input and one output.
b- MIMO (Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs) control systems have more than one
input and more than one output.
2- type of the signal used.
a- continuous time control systems, all the signals are continuous in time.
b- discrete time control systems, there exists one or more discrete time signals.

3- feedback path as:


a- Open loop control system (Non feedback control system)
b- Closed loop control system (Feedback control system)
Open loop control systems

Reference Actuating Controlled Controlled


Controller
Input Signal
Process Output

• An input is applied to a controller and it produces an actuating signal or controlling signal.


• This signal is given as an input to a plant or process which is to be controlled.
• The process produces an output, which is controlled.
Open Loop Control System Example
Closed Loop Control System
Closed Loop Control System
The differences between the open loop and closed
loop control systems
Open Loop Control Systems Closed Loop Control Systems

Control action is independent of the desired Control action is dependent of the desired
output. output

Feedback path is not present. Feedback path is present.

These are also called as non-feedback These are also called as feedback control
control systems.. control systems

Easy to design. Difficult to design.

These are economical. These are more expensive

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