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    5the Skeleton

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    Iza Sha
    The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax and supports the head, neck, and trunk. The skull is formed from 22 bones and protects the brain. It is comprised of cranial bones like the frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, temporal, and ethmoid bones which form the cranium and facial bones.

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    5the Skeleton

    Uploaded by

    Iza Sha
    19 views24 pages
    The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax and supports the head, neck, and trunk. The skull is formed from 22 bones and protects the brain. It is comprised of cranial bones like the frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, temporal, and ethmoid bones which form the cranium and facial bones.

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    The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax and supports the head, neck, and trunk. The skull is formed from 22 bones and protects the brain. It is comprised of cranial bones like the frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, temporal, and ethmoid bones which form the cranium and facial bones.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    19 views24 pages

    5the Skeleton

    Uploaded by

    Iza Sha
    The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax and supports the head, neck, and trunk. The skull is formed from 22 bones and protects the brain. It is comprised of cranial bones like the frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, temporal, and ethmoid bones which form the cranium and facial bones.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    THE SKELETON

    PRESENTED BY

    MR LEONG WENG TUCK PHYSICAL & HEALTH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT IPDA

    THE SKELETON
    The word skeleton comes from the greek word meaning dried-up body or driedmummy  The skeleton, composed of bones, cartilages, joints and ligaments.  The skeleton is divided into
    
     Axial

    skeleton  Appendicular skeleton

    THE AXIAL SKELETON


    

    The axial skeleton is structured from 80 bones segregated into three major regions
     1.

    The skull 22 bones  2. The vertebral column 33 bones and  3. The bony thorax 25 bones.
    

    This part of the skeleton supports the head, neck and trunks and it protects the brain, spinal cord and organs in the thorax

    THE SKULL
    The body s most complex bony structure & formed by cranial and facial bones.  The cranial bones or cranium enclose and protect the fragile brain and furnish a site for attachment of head and neck muscles  The facial bones:
    
        

    1. form the framework of the face 2. contain cavities for special sense organ 3. provide opening for air and food passage 4. secure the teeth and 5. anchor the facial muscles of expression

    Most skull bones are flat, firmly united by interlocking sutures except for mandible

    CRANIUM
    

    The eight cranial bones are paired parietal and temporal bones and the unpaired frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and the ethmoid bones ShellShell-shaped & forms the anterior cranium. It articulates posteriorly with the paired parietal bones via the coronal suture The most anterior part is called frontal squama forehead. This ends inferiorly at the supraorbital margins The frontal bone extend posteriorly forming the anterior cranial fossa that supports the frontal lobes of the brain. Each supraorbital margin is pierced by a supraorbital foramen The smooth portion of the frontal bone between the orbits is the glabella

    FRONTAL BONE
    

       

    PARIETAL BONES & THE MAJOR SUTURES


    The 2 large parietal bones are curved, rectangular bones that form most of the superior and lateral aspect of the skull.  The four largest sutures occur where the parietal bones articulate with other cranial bones
    
       

    1. The coronal suture parietal meet the frontal bone 2. The sagittal suture parietal meet at the cranial midline 3. The lambdoid suture parietal meet occipital bone 4. The squamous suture parietal meet temporal bone

    OCCIPITAL BONE
        

    Forms most of the skull s posterior wall and base It articulates anteriorly with the paired parietal and temporal via the lambdoil and occipitomastoid sutures Internally, the ocipital bone forms the walls of the posterior cranial fossa. In the base of the occipital bone is the foramen magnum. The foramen magnum is flanked laterally by 2 occipital condyles

    TEMPORAL BONES
        

    The two temporal bone are best viewed on the lateral skull surface They lie inferior to the parietal bones and meet them at the squamous sutures. It forms the inferolateral aspects of the skull and parts of the cranial floor The tympanic region of the temporal bone surrounds the external acoustic meatus or external ear canal. Below the external acoustic meatus is the needle-like styloid needleprocess, an attachment point for several tongue & neck muscles & ligament that secures the hyoid bone to the skull. The mastoid region of the temporal bone exhibits the conspicuous mastoid process, an anchoring site for some neck muscle.

    SPHENOID BONE
         

    The butterfly-shaped sphenoid bone spans the width of the butterflymiddle cranial fossa. It consists of a central body and 3 pairs of processes: the greater wings, lesser wings and pterygoid processes Within the body are the paired sphenoid sinuses The greater wings project laterally & the hornlike lesser wings form part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa The pterygoid processes project inferiorly from the junction of the body and greater wings In the sphenoid bone is the optic canals. Superior orbital fissure, foramen ovale and the small foramen spinosum

    ETHMOID BONE
    The ethmoid bone lies between the sphenoid and the nasal bones  The superior surface is called the cribriform plate that helps form the roof of the nasal cavity & floor of the anterior cranial fossa.  It is punctured by tiny holes called olfactory foramina  In the middle is a triangular process called the crista galli
    

    SUTURAL BONES
    

    Also called Wormian bones, are tiny irregularly shaped bones that appear within sutures, most often in the lambdoid suture

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