FUNCTIONS

Part 2
Prof. Aurelia Luz A. Aquillo

WK #2 June 27 – June 30, 2017

WK# 3 July 3 – July 7, 2017
WK# 4 July 10 – July 14, 2017
 Operations with Functions
1. The Sum of Functions (Addition)

If f and g are functions with domains Df and Dg, their

function is defined as:
(f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x)
The domain of (f +g) (x) is Df ∩ Dg
Example 1:
Let f(x) = x2 – 2x + 1 and g(x) = 3x3 + 6x – 4
Find (f +g) (x). Determine the domain.
(f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x)
= x2 – 2x + 1 + 3x3 + 6x – 4
 = 3x3 + x2 + 4x – 3
D f + g = Df ∩ Dg
Domain = { x|x is a real number}

Example 2:
Let f(x) = 3x2 – 4x + 5 and g(x) = 2x3 + 6x – 2
Find (f +g) (x) . Determine the domain.
(f +g+ (x) = f(x + g(x)
= (3x2 – 4x + 5 ) + (2x3 + 6x – 2)
= 2x3 + 3x2 + 2x + 3
D f+ g = D f ∩ D g
Domain = {x | x is a real number}
Example 3:
Let f(x) = 4x3 - 3x2 - x + 4 and g(x) = 3x3 + 2x2 – 4
Find (f +g) (x) . Determine the domain.
(f +g) (x) = f(x) + g(x)
= ( 4x3 - 3x2 - x + 4 ) + (3x3 + 2x2 – 4)
= 7x3 – x2 - x
Domain = { x|x is a real number}

2. The Difference of Functions

If f and g are functions with domains D f and Dg

their function is defined as:
(f – g) (x) = f(x ) - g( x)
Example 4
Let f(x) = 4x3 - 3x2 - x + 4 and g(x) = 3x3 + 2x2 – 4
Find (f +g) (x) . Determine the domain.
(f +g) (x) = f(x) + g(x)
= ( 4x3 - 3x2 - x + 4 ) + (3x3 + 2x2 – 4)
= 7x3 – x2 - x
Domain = { x|x is a real number}

2. The Difference of Functions

If f and g are functions with domains D f and Dg

their function is defined as:
(f – g) (x) = f(x ) - g( x)
The domain of ( f – g) (x) is D f ∩ D g.
Example 5
Let f(x) = , g (x) =

Find (f - g) (x) . Determine the domain.

(f - g) (x) = f(x) - g(x)
= -

= = 4x - 5

Domain = { x|x is a real number}

Example 6
Let f(x) = , g (x) =

Find (f - g) (x) . Determine the domain.

(f - g) (x) = f(x) - g(x)
=

Domain = { x|x is a real number}

 Operations with Functions
3. The Product of Functions (Multiplication)

If f and g are functions with domains Df and Dg, their

function is defined as:
(f ● g) (x) = f(x) ● g(x)
The domain of (f● g) (x) is Df ∩ Dg

Example 7:
(f ● g) (x) = f(x) ● g(x)
f(x) = and g(x) =

The domain of (f● g) (x) is Df ∩ Dg

Example 7:
Through factoring,

(f● g) (x) = (answer)

The domain of (f● g) (x) is Df ∩ Dg

Domain = {x |x is any real number and x ≠ -1, and x ≠ -2
If x = -1, x+1 , -1 +1 = 0, the denominator is zero, then
(f ● g) (x) = undefined same through with x = -2.
4. The Quotient of Functions (Division)

If f and g are functions with domains Df and Dg, their

function is defined as:
(f /g) (x) = f(x) / g(x)

The domain of (f/ g) (x) is Df ∩ Dg, excluding those

values of x that will not define (f/g) (x).

Example 8:
Let f(x) = and g(x) =

Find (f/g) (x) . Determine the domain of f/g (x).

Example 8:
Reciprocate the divisor,
●

By factoring,

Answer will be,

Domain = {x |x is any real number and x ≥ 0 and x ≠ -1 }

 =

Example 9:
Let f(x) = and g(x) =

Find (f/g) (x) . Determine the domain of f/g (x).

Solution :
=

Multiply the numerator and denominator by to rationalize

the denominator.
=
=
=
(Answer)
Domain = { x |x is any real number and x ≥0 and x ≠ ½}
Let’s Review our lesson in Operations with Functions :
 QUIZ #2

Determine the following:

a.) (v + g) (x)
b.) (f p) (x)
c.) (f + h) (x)
d.) (p – f) (x)
e.) ( v/ g) (x)
f.) (f t) (x)
g.) (v – g) (x)
OTHER TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

1. Linear Functions
2. Quadratic Functions
3. Polynomial Functions

1. LINEAR FUNCTIONS

Its equation can be written in the form f(x) = mx + b

Some examples of linear functions are:
1. f(x) = 5x +1
2. g(x) = -x
3. y = 3/2x – 5
4. x – 4y = 2
5. 4x + 5y – 1= 0
1. LINEAR FUNCTIONS

Example 1: Transform the linear function 3x – y = 5 into the

function form y= mx + b, or f(x) = mx + b
Answer: y = 3x - 5
Linear functions can also be written in standard form: Ax + By = C

Example 2: Transform the function y = -4x +5 in standard

form.
Answer: 4x + y = 5

Example 3: Transform the linear function y = 3/5 – 2x

in standard form
Answer: 10x + 5y = 3
2. QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

It is defined by , where a, b, and c are real

numbers and a ≠ 0.
Standard form of quadratic function is:

Example 4: Identify which of the following are quadratic functions.

1.
2.
3.

Answer: #1 and #2 are quadratic function, #3 is not.

3. POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
A polynomial is a function of the form f(x) = anxn + an−1xn−1 + ... + a2x2 +
a1x + a0 . The degree of a polynomial is the highest power of x in its
expression. Constant (non-zero) polynomials, linear polynomials,
quadratics, cubics and quartics are polynomials of degree 0, 1, 2 , 3 and 4
respectively.
To identify the polynomial functions from the given set of
expressions, n is a positive integer implies that n is not a negative,
0, fractional, radical or imaginary.

Example 4: Identify the polynomial functions from the given set of

expressions.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer: #1 and #4 are polynomial function, #2, #3 are not.

 QUIZ #3
Identify the following functions.
Write “L”, for linear , “Q for quadratic, and “P” for polynomial ,
“NP” for not polynomial.

1.) 7.)

2.) 8.) 15x + 3y = 10

3.) 9.)

4.) f x -8 10.)

5.)

6.)
 REAL LIFE APPLICATIONS OF A FUNCTION

1. Height is a function of age and not age as a function of height,

because age determines the height. For example at the age of 15, Peter
will be 1.52 meters high. His height depends on his age.

2. Price is a function of an item, since each input of an item has one

output of a price corresponding to it.

3. Money is a function of time. If money is invested and the rate is

compounded over a period of time, the total amount due depends on
the rate of interest and the length of time for payment.

4. The electric bill is a function of time of consumption. The longer the

time of usage, the higher the amount of electric bill a consumer will
have to pay.
 REAL LIFE APPLICATIONS OF A FUNCTION

5. Temperature is a function of various factors. It depends on many

inputs, including the time of the day, the season, the amount of clouds
in the sky, and the strength of the wind.
 PIECEWISE FUNCTION

A piecewise function is defined on a sequence of intervals for

some subsets of domains.
It contains two or more pieces of functions defined differently for a
particular domain from which the word “piecewise” was derived which
means a function is defined piece by piece.

The following are examples of piecewise functions.

1. f(x) = -4, for -6 < x ≤ -2 2. f(x) = 5, for -1 < x ≤ 3

-5, for -2 < x ≤ 1 3, for 3 < x ≤ 5
-2, for 1 < x ≤ 6 -2. for 5 < x ≤ 7
 PIECEWISE FUNCTION

To graph the peicewise function, the function f(x) is the y-axis or

the range, and the condition like -5 < x ≤ -2 will be the domain in x-axis.

GRAPH of the Piecewise Function

An open end graph or with the hole is for the
domains with “<“ , e.g. -5 < x, which means only for less than 5 and
does not include x = -5.

A close end graph is for domains with “≤”, e.g. X ≤ -2,

which means less than -2 and including equal to 2.

Example 1: Graph f(x) = -4 , for -6 < x ≤ -2

Example 2: Graph f(x) = -5 , for -2 < x ≤ 1
APPLICATION OF PIECEWISE FUNCTION
APPLICATION OF PIECEWISE FUNCTION
 APPLICATION OF PIECEWISE FUNCTION
Example 10:
The management of a computer shop charges P30 per hour for the
first 3 hours. Rental charge of a maximum of P20 if the user exceeds 3
hours.
1. Construct a piecewise presentation of the equation.
2. Show the graph of the piecewise function.

Solution:
Let x = number of hours using the computer unit.
P30 per hour for 3 hours and less: 30x if x ≤ 3 ( or 3 ≥ x )
Rental charge for a maximum of P20 if the user exceeds 3 hours: 20 if
x > 3.
Graph:
f(x) = { 30x , if x ≤ 3
{ 20x, if x > 3
 APPLICATION OF PIECEWISE FUNCTION
Example 11:

A videoke machine can be rented for P1,000 for three days, but for the
fourth day onwards, additional cost of P400 per day is added.
Represent the cost of renting a videoke machine as a piecewise
funcion of the number of days it is rented and plot the graph.

Solution:
f(x) = P1,000 if 0 ≤ x ≤ 3
1,000 + 400 if x > 3

Graph:
 APPLICATION OF PIECEWISE FUNCTION
Example 12:

The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is P150
per head for 20 persons or less, P130 per head for 21 to 50 persons

And P110 per head for 51 to 100 persons. For 100 or more persons
the cost is at P100 per head.
Represent the total cost as a piecewise function of the number of
attendees.
Solution:
f(x) = 150 x if 0 ≤ x ≤ 20
130x if 21 ≤x ≤ 50
110x if 51 ≤ x ≤ 100
100x if x > 100
 APPLICATION OF PIECEWISE FUNCTION

Homework: Represent the piecewise function of the following.

1. A garment factory charges P95 per set of P.E. uniform for orders of
30 or fewer, and P85 per set of uniform for orders of 60 or fewer
but more than 30 sets, and P75 per set of P.E. uniform for orders
more than 60 sets.
Represent the cost f(x) in peso for x sets of P.E. uniform.

2. A bookstore charges per book P10 per book for delivery of orders
40 or fewer books, P7 per book for orders of 70 or fewer but more
than 40, and P5 per book for orders more than 70 books.
a. Represent the delivery cost , f for x number of books.
b. What will be the delivery cost for 30 books , f(30) ?
c. What will be the delivery cost for 65 books, f(65) ?
d. For 80 books, f(80) ?
 COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION
• Let f and g be the functions. The composite
function is denoted by (f ○ g), defined as
• ( f ○ g) (x) = f (g(x))
• The process of obtaining a composite function
is called function composition.
• Given these functions:
• f(x) = 2x + 1 g (x) = √ x + 1
• q (x) = x22–x 2x1 + 2
• r (x) = x  1
 COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION
• 1. Find and simplify (g ○ f) (x):
Solution: (g ○ f) (x) = g(f (x) )
= √(2x + 1) + 1
= √ 2x + 2
2. Find and simplify (q ○ f) (x), Is it equal with (f ○ q)
(x) ?
Solution: (q ○ f) (x) = q (f(x)
= (2x + 1)2 – 2 (2x +1) + 2
= 4x2 + 4x + 1 – (4x+ 2) + 2
= 4x2 + 1
 COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION
• (f ○ q) (x) = f( q(x)
= 2 (x2 – 2x+ 2) + 1
= 2x2 – 4x +4 + 1
= 2x2 – 4x + 5
The composite functions (q ○ f) (x) is not the
same with (f ○ q) (x).  2 x 1  4x  2
2  1  1

3. Find and simplify ( f ○ r) (x): x 1  x 1

( 4 x  2)  ( x  1)

= Answer :
x 1
5x 1
x 1
 COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION
• Seatwork:
• If f (x) = x2 + 3x , g(x) = x - 2
1.) Find and simplify the following composition
functions: a.) f ○ g c.) f ○ f
b.) g ○ f d.) g ○ g
Answers: a.) x2 – x -2 c.) x4 + 6x3 + 12x2 + 9x
b.) x2 + 3x – 2 d.) x- 4
 COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION
2 .) f(x) = 5x + 3 g(x) = 3x2
Find (f ○ g) (4) = f(g(4)) :
= 5 (3x2 ) + 3 = 15x2 + 3 = 15 (4)2 + 3 = 243
3.) f(x) = 3x – 5 g(x) = x2
Find (f ○ g) (3) = f(g(3))
= 3 x2 - 5 = 3(9) – 5 = 27-5 = 22
4. f(x) = -4x + 2 g(x) = √x – 8
Find ( f ○ g) (12) = f(g(12))
= -4 √ x- 8 + 2 = -4 √4- 2 = -8 + 2 = -6
 COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION
5. f(x) = -2x + 1 g(x) = √x2 - 5
Find g ○ f (2) = g(f(2)) :
= f(2) = -2(2) + 1 = -3
= g(-3) = √ 9 – 5 = √ 4 = 2
6. f(x) = 4x + 3 g(x) = x- 2
Find : f(g(5))
g(f(-6))
f( f(7))
 COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION
7. f(x) = 7x + 4 g(x) = 2x - 4
Find: a. f( g( 3))
b. g(f(4))
c. f(f(3)
d. g(g(5))
Using f(x) = 8x2 and g(x) = 4x + 2, find:
e. ( g ○ g )(x)
f. ( f ○ f) (x)
Are these two answers the same?
 Test Your Progress
• Write the letter corresponding the correct
answer on the space provided.
_____1. The relationship between the set of
inputs and outputs with the condition that
each input is related to exactly one output is
called ____________.
a. correlation c. function
b. dependent variable d. algebraic expression
_____2. What is the input value in a given
function?
a. range c. piecewise
b. domain d. x and y-values
____ 3. What is the graph of a constant function?
a. line c. Bell-shaped
b. V-shape d. U-shaped
____ 4. To solve equations involving function
means to find ______ values.
a. Output c. Input and output
b. Input d. Positive and negative numbers
_____5. The function that is defined on a sequence of
intervals for a subsets of domain is called_______.
a. range c. piecewise
b. domain d. x and y-values
____ 6. What is the value of the output of the function
f(x) = 3x3 – 4, for f(-1)?
a. -1 c. -7
b. 1 d. 0
____ 7. What is the domain of the function f(x) = √ x2 – 16
?
a. { x | x is a real number
b. { x | x is a real number and x ≠ +- 16
c. { x | x is a real number and x ≠ +- 4
d. { x | x is a real number and x ≠ +- 2
_____8. What is the domain of the function f(x)3x
x2  4 x  5
=
a. { x | x is a real number
b. { x | x is a real number and x > 1
c. { x | x is a real number and x > 5
d. {x | x is a real number and x ≠ 5 and x ≠ -1
____ 9. Given f(x) = 2x2 -1 and g(x) = (2x -1)2.
What is (f+g) (x) ?
a. 6x2 – 4x c. -6x2 – 4x + 2
b. 4x2 - 2 d. -2x2 +4x - 2
_____10. What is the domain of the function f(x) 3x
x2  4 x  5
=
a. ____ 9. Given f(x) = 2x2 -1 and g(x) = (2x -1)2.
What is (f+g) (x) ?
a. 6x2 – 4x c. -6x2 – 4x + 2
b. 4x2 - 2 d. -2x2 +4x - 2