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Introduction

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Devaduth Deva
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18 views45 pages

Introduction

Uploaded by

Devaduth Deva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION

Outline
• Perspectives on mental health
• Concepts of mental illness
• Myths and facts about mental illness
• Perspectives on psychiatric mental health nursing
• Evolution of psychiatric nursing practices
• Current trends in mental health nursing
Outline
• Statistics of mental illness in India
• Evolution of mental health services and treatments in India
• Mental health team
• Nature and scope of mental health nursing
• Role and functions of mental health nurse in various settings
• Factors affecting level of practice
• Concepts of normal and abnormal behaviour
Perspectives on mental health

• DEFINITION OF MENTAL HEALTH


An adjustment of human beings to the world and to each other
with a maximum effectiveness of happiness - KARL MENNINGERS

A STATE OF WELL BEING IN WHICH EVERY INDIVIDUAL


REALIZES HIS OR HER OWN POTENTIAL, CAN COPE WITH THE
NORMAL STRESSES OF LIFE, CAN WORK PRODUCTIVELY AND
FRUITFULLY, AND IS ABLE TO MAKE A CONTRIBUTION TO HER
OR HIS COMMUNITY - WHO
PSYCHIATRY
• A psychiatry is the branch of medicine that
deals with the causation, prevention,
diagnosis and treatment of mental and
behavioral disorders
FACTORS AFFECTING MENTAL
HEALTH
• HEREDITARY
• CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES
• LIFE CIRCUMSTANCES
INDICATORS OF MENTAL HEALTH
• MARIE JAHODA (1907-2001)
• First Australian psychologist who criticized other
psychologist for giving excessive importance to mental
illness and ignoring mental health and wellbeing.
• “ absence of mental illness is not a sufficient indicator
of mental health”
INDICATORS OF MENTAL HEALTH
MARIE JAHODA (1907-2001)

• Identifies 5 core characteristics features


1. Ability to manage time
2. Meaningful social relationship
3. Ability to work effectively
4. High self esteem
5. A regular active life
SIX INDICATORS OF MENTAL HEALTH
A positive attitude Personal growth & development

Environment
INDICATOR Integration
S

Autonomy
Reality perception
CHARACTERISTICS OF A MENTALLY
HEALTHY PERSON
• Emotional stability
• Positive identity & self worth • Decision making
• Regular and balanced life • Sexual maturity
• Satisfaction in the relationship
• Positive attitude
• Adjustability
• Productivity
• Self confidence
• Self awareness • Satisfaction in work completion
• Reality perception • Logical thinking and insightful
reasoning
CHARACTERISTICS OF
MENTALLY ILL PERSON
• Deviation from social norms
• Lack of insight
• Biological functions change • Disturbance in thought process
• Maladaptive behavior • Irrational beliefs
• Inappropriate emotions • Lack of real perceptions
• Abnormal perceptions • Impaired cognitive functions
• Inability to resolve conflicts • Poor impulse control

• Self destructive behavior • Difficulty with adaptation


Medical model
• The medical model of abnormal behavior developed in the latter half of
the 19th century views abnormal behavior as a symptom of a disease
according to this model, mental illnesses result from impairments due
to physiological , biological or genetic changes disease caused by the
various gems, virus and other destructive organ produce related signs
and symptoms
eg ; swin flu is the result of the H1N1virus, and the common cold,
cough, fever and headache are symptoms resulting from swine flu
This model recommends using medical procedures to treat psychiatric
illness
Behavior model
• The behavior model assumes that abnormal behavior
differs in frequency , pattern and context

• Normal behavior remains consistent in frequency pattern


and context expressed by the majority of members of a
particular species or group

• So the behavior deemed appropriate to the time place


and context is considered normal
• The concept of normal behavior still not answer
questions about who decides what is acceptable or
desirable and what happens when some people find
certain behaviors acceptable or desirable and others
do not

• Treatment is considered for learning new behavior and


replacing or correcting abnormal maladaptive
behavior
Socio cultural model
• Every cultural and society abides by its norms, taboos ,
regulation and belief system adopted by individual.
Normalcy is following norms and belief systems of the
adjustment problems in paragraph society

• A society norms and belief systems might differ from


others, so care must be taken to distinguish between
normal and abnormal behaviors
STATISTICAL MODEL

• This model derived more from mathematicians than


psychologists and psychiatrists

• The model concentrates on the definition of abnormality

• According to this model, an abnormality is any


substantial deviation from a statistically calculated
average and behavior that falls under the ‘ golden mean
“is consider normal
• The behavior outside the golden mean is considered
abnormal.

• Thought the model has been criticizes for many


psychological attributes, for e.g. the model consider an
iq of more than 130 abnormal.

• Otherwise , it is normal or considered very superior


intelligence as per psychological tests

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