Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 32
WEEK 4 : THE
GOVERNMENT EARLY ATTEMPTS TO CLASSIFY GOVERNMENTS Aristotle made one of the earliest attempts to classify government structures. He distinguished between states ruled by one person, by the few and the many- monarchy, aristocracy and mixed government. His intention was not only to describe but to evaluate and thus he extended his classification scheme to their 'perverted' forms, which he labelled tyranny, oligarchy and democracy. EARLY ATTEMPTS TO CLASSIFY GOVERNMENTS Charles baron de Montesquieu, a French philosopher of the eighteenth century, produced one of the most famous schemes of classifying governments: 'There are three species of government: republican, monarchical and despotic.’ Montesquieu's classification differed from Aristotle's in that aristocracy and democracy were part of his republican type of government, but his categorization was firmly in the classical mold since the type of government depended on the number of people holding power. CLASSIFICATION S OF GOVERNMENTS A. AS TO THE NUMBER OF PERSONS EXERCISING SOVEREIGN POWER 1. Monarchy is a government in which supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person. Absolute Monarchy is a government in which the ruler rules by divine right Limited Monarchy is a government in which the ruler rules in accordance with the Constitution Tyranny is an autocratic form of rule in which one individual exercises power without any legal restraint Dictatorship is an authoritarian type of government where there is absolute control by one person. A. AS TO THE NUMBER OF PERSONS EXERCISING SOVEREIGN POWER 2. Aristocracy is a government in which political power is exercised by few privileged classes which is known as aristocracy or oligarchy. In an oligarchy, a small group of people has all the power in the government. A. AS TO THE NUMBER OF PERSONS EXERCISING SOVEREIGN POWER 3. Democracy is a government in which political power is exercised by a majority of the people. a) Direct or pure democracy is a government in which the will of the state is formulated or expressed directly and immediately through the people in a mass meeting or primary assembly. A. AS TO THE NUMBER OF PERSONS EXERCISING SOVEREIGN POWER b) Indirect, representative or republican democracy is a government in which the will of the state is formulated and expressed through a relatively small and select body of persons chosen by the people to act as their representatives. A. AS TO THE NUMBER OF PERSONS EXERCISING SOVEREIGN POWER c. Anarchy – a situation where there is no government
There are also people called anarchists. They believe
that any government is a bad thing - this belief is called anarchism. Anarchists think governments stop people organizing their own lives. Instead they think people would be better off if they ruled their own lives and worked together to create a society in any form they choose. B. AS TO EXTENT OF POWERS EXERCISED BY THE CENTRAL OR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT •Unitary Government is a government in which the control of national and local affairs is exercised by the central or national government. •Federal government is a government in which the powers of government are divided between the national and local governments. C. AS TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT •Parliamentary government is a government in which the state confers upon the legislature the power to terminate the tenure of office of the real executive. Legislatures called parliaments operate under a parliamentary system of government in which the executive is constitutionally answerable to the parliament. Parliaments usually consist of chambers or houses, and are usually either bicameral or unicameral. C. AS TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
•Presidential government is a government in which the state makes the executive constitutionally independent of the legislature as regards to tenure to a large extent. C. AS TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
A presidential system is a system of government
where an executive branch is led by a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. In such a system, this branch exists separately from the legislature, to which it is not responsible and which it cannot, in normal circumstances, dismiss. FORMS OF GOVERNMENTS FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Anarchy is the Adhocracy is a type of organization state of having that operates in no opposite fashion to government. a bureaucracy; government in unstructured fashion FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Androcracy or Atheocracy andrarchy is a is a form of government government in which the where religion government is forbidden rulers are male. FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Autarchy Bureaucracy is a is a government by government an absolute by civil ruler servants FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Confederacy Dyarchy is a union of is a sovereign government states by two; dual monarchy FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Ethnocracy Geniocracy is a form of government by is a a particular government ethnic group of intelligent people FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Gynarchy Heptarchy is a is a government government by seven by women; gynocracy people FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Judiciocra Kakistocr cy is a acy is a governmen governmen t by judges. t by the worst FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Kleptocrac Malarchy y is a is a governmen governmen t by t by bad thieves leaders FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Matriarchy Meritocra is a form of cy is a government governmen by women or mothers t by those with merit FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Minarchy Nomocracy is a is a government government with the through smallest established possible size laws FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Ochlocracy Particracy is a is a governmen government t by mobs by political parties FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Patriarch Plutocrac y is a y is a governmen governmen t by fathers t by the wealthy FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Polyarchy Republic is a is a government government by many by elected people officials FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Robocrac Stratocra y is a cy is a governmen governmen t by robots t by armed forces FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Technocracy Tetrarchy is a is a government governmen by technical t by four experts people FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Theocracy is Timocracy a government is a by a deity government through the by the clergy or by propertied religious law class FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Triumvirate is a government by three people
Name: Marwa Riaz Roll No: 25 Assignment: Political Science Semester: 2nd Department: Political Science & IR Government College Women University Faislabad
Name: Marwa Riaz Roll No: 25 Assignment: Political Science Semester: 2nd Department: Political Science & IR Government College Women University Faislabad
