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Learning Processes

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3 views13 pages

Learning Processes

Uploaded by

thefreshventure
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Learning Processes

Dr. Akash Saxena


Learning with a teacher
• Presumed that teacher may
have the knowledge of
environment.
• Set of input and output
examples.
• Teacher and Network both are
exposed to an unknown vector
drawn from the environment
• The knowledge of teacher is
transferred to the network.
Supervised Learning
• Supervised learning takes place under the supervision of a teacher.
This learning process is dependent.
• During the training of ANN under supervised learning, the input
vector is presented to the network, which will produce an output
vector.
• This output vector is compared with the desired/target output vector.
An error signal is generated if there is a difference between the actual
output and the desired/target output vector.
• On the basis of this error signal, the weights would be adjusted until
the actual output is matched with the desired output.
Supervised or Unsupervised
Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning
Supervised learning algorithms are trained using labeled Unsupervised learning algorithms are trained using
data. unlabeled data.

Supervised learning model takes direct feedback to Unsupervised learning model does not take any
check if it is predicting correct output or not. feedback.

Supervised learning model predicts the output. Unsupervised learning model finds the hidden patterns
in data.

In supervised learning, input data is provided to the In unsupervised learning, only input data is provided to
model along with the output. the model.

The goal of supervised learning is to train the model so The goal of unsupervised learning is to find the hidden
that it can predict the output when it is given new data. patterns and useful insights from the unknown dataset.

Supervised learning needs supervision to train the Unsupervised learning does not need any supervision to
model. train the model.

Supervised learning can be categorized Unsupervised Learning can be classified


in Classification and Regression problems. in Clustering and Associations problems.
Supervised learning can be used for those cases where we Unsupervised learning can be used for those cases where we
know the input as well as corresponding outputs. have only input data and no corresponding output data.

Supervised learning model produces an accurate result. Unsupervised learning model may give less accurate result as
compared to supervised learning.

Supervised learning is not close to true Artificial intelligence Unsupervised learning is more close to the true Artificial
as in this, we first train the model for each data, and then Intelligence as it learns similarly as a child learns daily
only it can predict the correct output. routine things by his experiences.

It includes various algorithms such as Linear Regression, It includes various algorithms such as Clustering, KNN, and
Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Multi-class Apriori algorithm.
Classification, Decision tree, Bayesian Logic, etc.
Learning Without a teacher:
Reinforcement Learning
• Reinforcement Learning, maps
the input output through
continuous interaction with
environment.
• Figure shows a built around
system with critic that receives
a signal from the environment
and convert it to a heuristic
reinforcement signal.
• The goal of learning is to
minimize a cost to go function,
defined as expectation of
cumulative cost of actions
taken over a sequence of steps.
Learning Without a teacher:
Reinforcement Learning

• Example of Mess
Management Sessions
Delayed Reinforcement Learning :
Difficulty

The system will observe a temporal sequence of stimuli, also received


from the environment

• There is no teacher to provide a response at each step of learning


process.
• The Delay incurred in the generation of primary signal implies that the
learning machine must solve credit assignment problem. This means
that learning machine must be able to assign credit or blame
individually to each action in the sequence of time steps
Learning Without a teacher:
Unsupervised Learning

• There is no teacher or critic to oversee the learning process. Rather, a


provision is made for a task independent measure of the quality of
representation that network is required to learn, and free parameter
of the network are optimized with respect to that measure.
Learning Tasks Pattern Recognition

0
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 79 85 91 97 103 109 115 121 127 133 139 145

SepalLengthCm SepalWidthCm PetalLengthCm PetalWidthCm


Iris Species

Setosa Versi Color Verginica


IRIS
The Iris dataset was used in R.A.
Fisher's classic 1936 paper,
The Use of Multiple Measurements in
Taxonomic Problems
, and can also be found on the
UCI Machine Learning Repository.

• It includes three iris species with


50 samples each as well as some
properties about each flower. One
flower species is linearly separable
from the other two, but the other
two are not linearly separable from
each other.

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