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Personality and Temperment

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8 views23 pages

Personality and Temperment

Uploaded by

jnmurry1234
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Presentation on Personality and

Temperament – foundations,
approaches, theories of personality

Speaker
C. V. Sai Bharath
Personality
Personality

Components of Personality:
• Traits: Enduring characteristics like introversion, extroversion, or
openness.
• Cognition: Thought patterns and decision-making processes.
• Emotions: Emotional tendencies and responses.
• Behavior: Observable actions influenced by internal factors.
Temperament

Temperament is the innate, biologically driven aspect of


an individual's personality, influencing their emotional
reactions, energy levels, and behavioral tendencies from
early life.
Personality vs Temperament
Personality Temperament
A broad set of traits and Innate emotional and behavioral
behaviors shaped by biology, environment, tendencies, biologically driven
and experiences
Personality describes ‘what’ a Temperament refers to behavioral style
person does or ‘why’ they do things the ‘how’ of behavior.
Stable but can change with significant life Relatively stable throughout life.
events or conscious effort
Shaped by both nature (biology) and nurture Primarily determined by genetic factors.
(environment).
Eg:-Generous,caring,energetic,etc.. Eg:-Biological rhythms, sensitivity
etc..
FOUNDATIONS OF
PERSONALITY
On the basis of various definitions it can be said that personality is founded on certain
structures. These are :-
(i) Physiological structure of the organism,
(ii) Psychic structure of the organism and
(iii) Social and cultural structure

These structures contribute to the formation of personality.


Individual is born with certain physical and psychological traits or structures. The
physiological and psychological traits react to the social and cultural atmosphere.
Consequently, the personality is made up.
Various structures that form the personality are discussed below :-
1)Mental Aspect:-
The mental aspect of an individual refers to his intellectual capacity. How a person
talks, the range of ideas he expresses, and the things he talks about, as well as his
values and mental alertness give evidence of his mental capacity. The mental aspect
depends upon the intelligence..
2)Emotional Aspect:-
It is shown in a person’s likes & dislikes, whether he is aggressive or docile, how he
responds when things become difficult, how quickly he is given to anger, or whether
he can take a job or not.Emotional behavior is interrelated with other aspects of a
child’s growth.
3)Social aspect:-
How well a person conducts himself with other people, rules of etiquette.
Factors affecting social development
•Socio economic status
•Physiological conditions
•Mental alertness
•Level of maturity
•Family cultural background
4)Physical aspect:-
Heredity & environment determine the entire physiological system of an
individual.
5)Moral aspect:-

Persons awareness of the difference between what is


wrong or right.

6)Spiritual aspect:-

Consciousness of the higher values in life. Religion


expresses spiritual value.
MAJOR APPROACHES OF PERSONALITY
MAJOR APPROACHES OF PERSONALITY

i)Type Approach:-
It attempts to comprehend personality by examining certain broad
patterns in observed behavioural characteristics of individual.

ii)Trait Approach:-
It focuses on specific psychological attributes along which individuals
tend to differ in consistent and stable way. Big Five personality traits
(OCEAN: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness,
Neuroticism) are used to measure and categorize personality.
iii)Psychodynamic Approach:
It focuses on the inner workings of
personality, especially internal conflicts
and struggles.

iv)Humanistic Approach:
It focuses on private, subjective
experience and personal growth.
v)Cultural Approach:-
•This approach attempts to understand personality in relation to the features of ecological
and cultural environment.
•Rituals, ceremonies, religious practises, arts and play are the means through which
peoples personality gets projected in a culture.

vi)Behavioural Approach:-
•The behaviourists believe in data which are definable, observable and measurable.
According to the behaviourists the structural unit of personality is the response.
•They see the development as a change in response characteristics. Individuals learn new
behaviours in response to new environments and stimuli.
Theories Of Personality

1)Psychoanalytic theory – Sigmund


Freud:-
• According to Sigmund Freud, human
personality is complex and has more than a
single component.
• In his famous psychoanalytic theory, Freud
states that personality is composed of three
elements known as the id, the ego, and the
superego.
• These elements work together to create
complex human behaviors.
Theories Of Personality

1)Psychoanalytic theory – Sigmund


Freud:-

Id – Based on principle of Pleasure


Ego – Based on principle of Reality
Superego – Based on principle of Morality
2)Psychosocial development theory – Erik Erikson(1902-1994):-

“The personality is engaged with


the hazards of existence
continuously, even as the body’s
metabolism copes with decay.”
3)Jung Theory of Personality:-
Jung identified four developmental stages: childhood, youth, middle life, and
old age.
He believed that life’s journey is like the sun moving across the sky, with its
brightness symbolizing our consciousness.

The early morning sun reflects childhood which is full of endless potential but
lacking brilliance,

Morning sun is our youth where a steep climb towards the zenith is observed
without the slightest knowledge of the impending doom

Early afternoon sun characterizes middle life, brilliant like the late morning sun,
but headed for the sunset

Evening sun is old age, the once brightly lit consciousness losing its light.
•Jung believed
that the ideals,
values, and modes
of behavior are
dynamic entities
that must be
changed to adjust
to current life
stages.
4)Gordon Allport’s Trait Theory:-
• In 1936, psychologist Gordon Allport found that everyone has
personality traits that are consistent with the person’s individuality and
behaviour.
• Allport concluded that every human being possesses hundreds of traits
which can be organized into three categories:
1)Cardinal Traits
2)Central Traits
3)Secondary Traits
1)Cardinal traits:- Cardinal traits are those that are so dominant that they are
expressed across situations and various parts of a person’s life.
E.g . Mother Teresa is strongly associated with goodness and mercy ,
Abraham Lincoln is associated with sincerity.

2)Central traits:- Central traits are the core traits that tend to remain relatively
stable throughout life. Many trait theories of personality focus on these traits.
These traits serve as the “building blocks” of personality.
E .g . Honesty , intelligence , integrity , creativity , perseverance and kindness
etc.
3)Secondary Traits :- Secondary characteristics are those that
emerge in certain situations. These can be inconsistent and may
not remain stable over time.
E. g . Adaptability , humor, leadership , innovation , interpersonal
skills and teamwork etc.

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