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Introduction to Shell Scripting - Session 1

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Dinesh Somisetty
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1 views

Introduction to Shell Scripting - Session 1

Uploaded by

Dinesh Somisetty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Shell Scripting

Session # 1

1
Why Shell?
 Shell is the term used to mark the command
interpreter in unix.
 Different shells are there in unix such as csh, ksh
and bash
 For Linux, the Bash is the default
 Why Shell?
 For routing jobs, such as system administration, without
writing programs
 Examples: Backing up a data, updating software on group
of machines..

2
Writing a Script
 Use text editor to create first shell script.
 Open a file first.sh
 Type the below code

#!/bin/sh #Before you add anything


else to your script, you need to
alert the system that a shell
script is being started.
To execute,

% chmod 777 first.sh #chmod 777


foldername will give read, write,
and execute permissions for everyone
%./first.sh 3
Syntax
 Variables
 Conditions
 Control
 Lists
 Functions
 Shell Commands
 Result
 Document

4
Variables
 Variables needed to be declared, note it is case-sensitive
(e.g. foo, FOO, Foo)
 Add ‘$’ for storing values
% salutation=“yes dear”
% salutation=Hello
% echo $salutation
% echo $salutation
yes dear
% read salutation
Hello
Hola!
% salutation=7+5
% echo $salutation
% echo $salutation 5

Hola!
Quoting
 Edit a “vartest.sh” file
#!/bin/sh

myvar=“Hi there”

echo $myvar Hi There


echo “$myvar” Hi There

echo `$myvar`
echo \$myvar $myvar

echo Enter some text


read myvar
echo `$myvar` now equals $myvar
exit 0 6
Shell script to accept two numbers as input and
find the sum of them and display the result
#!/bin/sh
echo enter number1
read n1
echo enter number2
read n2
n3=`expr $n1 + $n2` // backtick or back quote
echo sum of the two numbers are $n3

a=10
b=20

sum=$(( $a + $b ))

echo "Sum is: $sum" 7


 Shell script to accept two numbers as input and
find the product of them and display the result

n3=`expr $n1 \* $n2`

8
 Write a shell script to generate a bill. The items
purchased are 10 pens and 15 pencils. Each
pen costs Rs. 10/- and each pencil costs Rs. 5/-.
Generate the bill and display the total amount
to be paid

9
Environment Variables
 $HOME home directory
 $PATH path
 $$ process id of the script
 $# number of input parameters
 $0 name of the script file

10
Condition need space !

 test or ‘ [ ‘
if test –f fred.c If [ -f if [ -f fred.c ];then
then fred.c ] ...
... then fi
...
fi
fi
expression1 –eq expression2 -d file if directory
expression1 –ne expression2 -e file if exist
expression1 –gt expression2 -f file if file
expression1 –ge expression2 -g file if set-group-id
expression1 -lt expression2 -r file if readable
expression1 –le expression2 -s file if size >0
!expression -u file if set-user-id
-w file if writable
String1 = string2
-x file if executable
String1 != string 2
-n string (if not empty 11
string)
-z string (if empty string)
Control Structure
Syntax #!/bin/sh
if condition echo “Is it morning? Please answer yes or no”
read timeofday
then
if [ $timeofday = “yes” ]; then
statement
echo “Good morning”
else
else
statement echo “Good afternoon”
fi fi
exit 0

Is it morning? Please answer yes or no


yes
Good morning
12
Condition Structure
#!/bin/sh
echo “Is it morning? Please answer yes or no”
read timeofday
if [ $timeofday = “yes” ]; then
echo “Good morning”
elif [ $timeofday = “no” ]; then
echo “Good afternoon”
else
echo “Sorry, $timeofday not recongnized. Enter yes or no”
exit 1
fi
exit 0

13
Condition Structure
#!/bin/sh
echo “Is it morning? Please answer yes or no”
read timeofday
if [ “$timeofday” = “yes” ]; then
echo “Good morning”
elif [ $timeofday = “no” ]; then
echo “Good afternoon”
else
echo “Sorry, $timeofday not recongnized. Enter yes or no”
exit 1
fi
exit 0

If input “enter” still returns Good morning


14
1. Write a shell script to read 3 numbers and
find the greatest of the 3 numbers.

15
2. Write a shell script to read the marks of a student
in OS course and assign the grade
O – 85-100, A – 75-84, B – 60-74, C – 50-59, F – 0-
49

3. Write a shell script to calculate the discount and


final bill amount. If bill amount is less than 100, 2%
discount, if bill is less than 500, 5% discount and if
bill amount is greater than 500, 10% discount.

16
4. Write a shell script to implement a simple
calculator which has the four basic operations:
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division.

5. Write a shell script to calculate the time


difference in seconds when two time values are
provided in hh:mm:ss format.

17

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