CHAPTER 3
Error Detection and Correction
and wireless Communication
MARKS 12
WIRELESS LAN 802.11
IEEE 802.11 is a set of standards that defines wireless LAN
(WLAN) technologies.
It is commonly known as Wi-Fi.
It uses radio waves to transmit data between devices over
short distances.
Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked phrase that means IEEE
802.11.
This specification defines the physical and data link layers
It is some times called as wireless Ethernet
IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN:
802.11 services: The two types of
services are
1) Basic services set (BSS)
2) Extended services set (ESS)
Basic services set
The basic services set contain stationary or mobile
wireless station and central base station=>access
point (AP)
The use of access point is optimal.
If the access point is not present, it is known as
standalone network. These types of architecture is
known as adhoc architecture.
The BSS in which an access point is present is known
as infrastructure network.
WIRELESS LAN 802.11
If no access point =>adhoc architecture.
The BSS with access point =>infrastructure network.
Extended services set
An extended service set is created by initializing two or
more basic services set (BSS) having access points(AP)
These extended networks are created by joining the
access points of basic station set through a wired LAN
=>distribution system.
The distribution system can be any IEEE LAN.
There are two types of station in ESS.
Mobile Station: These are normal station inside a BSS
Stationary Station: these are AP station that are part of a wired LAN, non
moving station
Communication between two stations in two different BSS usually
occurs via two AP’S. A mobile Station can belong to more than
one BSS at the same time.
WIRELESS LAN 802.11
BLUETOOTH ARCH
Bluetooth is short range wireless technology.
Range of Bluetooth is 10 meters.
Bluetooth Architecture defines 2 types of
networks.
1. Piconet
2. Scatternet
BLUETOOTH ARCH
BLUETOOTH ARCH
Piconet
It consists of 1 master node and 7 slave nodes.
Piconet have 8 active nodes (7+1) in the range of 10
meters.
There can be only 1 master station in each piconet.
Communication is between master and slave
Slave to slave communication is not possible.
Piconet can have 255 parked nodes, that cannot take
part in communication
There will be 7 slaves in active state and 255 nodes in
parked state.
Scatternet
It is formed by combining various piconets.
Slave in one piconet can act as master in other
piconet.
Such a node can receive message from the master in
the first piconet and deliver the message in second
piconet.
Station can be member of two piconets.
Station cannot be master of two piconet.
Mobile Generatio-1G
• 1G or (1-G) refers to the first generation of wireless
telephone technology (mobile telecommunications).
• These were the analog telecommunications standards
that were introduced in 1979 and the early to mid-1980s
and continued until being replaced by 2G digital
telecommunications.
• The main difference between the two mobile telephone
systems (1G and 2G), is that the radio signals used by 1G
network are analog, while 2G networks are digital.
Mobile Generation-2G
• 2G (or 2-G) provides three primary benefits over their
predecessors:
– phone conversations are digitally encrypted;
– 2G systems are significantly more efficient on the spectrum
allowing for far greater mobile phone penetration levels;
– and 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS
(Short Message Service) plain text-based messages.
• 2G technologies enable services such as text messages,
picture messages and MMS (Multimedia Message Service).
• It has 3 main services: Bearer services is one of them which
is also known as data services and communication.
• Second generation 2G cellular telecom networks were
commercially launched on the GSM standard in 1991.
Mobile Generation-3G
• 3G refers to the third generation of wireless mobile
communication technology.
• It was introduced in the early 2000s(1998) and used digital radio
signals for voice and data communication.
• It had higher capacity, better quality, and introduced mobile
internet and video calling.
• 3G technology provides an information transfer rate of at least
200 kbit/s.
• CDMA2000 is a family of 3G mobile technology standards for
sending voice, data, and signaling data between mobile phones
and cell sites.
Mobile Generation-3.5G
• 3.5G is a grouping of disparate mobile telephony and data
technologies designed to provide better performance than 3G
systems, as an interim step towards the deployment of full 4G
capability. The technology includes:
• High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
• 3GPP Long Term Evolution, precursor of LTE Advanced
• Evolved HSPA
Mobile Generation-4G
• 4G refers to the fourth generation of wireless mobile
communication technology.
• It was introduced in the 2008s and used advanced digital radio
signals for voice and data communication.
• It had even higher capacity, better quality, and introduced
features such as mobile broadband, video streaming, and faster
data transfer speeds.
• Potential and current applications include amended mobile web
access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV,
video conferencing, 3D television, and cloud computing.
Mobile Generation-5G
• 5G refers to the fifth generation of wireless mobile
communication technology.
• It was introduced in 2019 and uses advanced digital
radio signals for voice and data communication.
• It has extremely high capacity, low latency(is the
ability of a computing system or network to provide
responses with minimal delay.), and faster data
transfer speeds than 4G.
• It also introduces features such as massive machine-
type communication, ultra-reliable and low latency
communication, and network slicing.
