Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 2 views

    Concept 1 Notes - Thermochemistry

    Uploaded by

    kyduong650

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Concept 1 Notes - Thermochemistry

    Uploaded by

    kyduong650
    2 views15 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2 views15 pages

    Concept 1 Notes - Thermochemistry

    Uploaded by

    kyduong650

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Overview

    • Thermochemistry: the study of the transfer of


    energy, as heat, that accompanies both chemical
    and physical changes.
    – Chemical change = a chemical reaction
    • All chemical reactions involve an overall change in energy.
    – Physical change = a phase change
    Thermal Energy
    • Thermal energy: the total amount of energy in
    particles in a sample.
    – It is dependent on temperature and number of particles.
    • Temperature: a measure of average kinetic energy of
    the particles in a sample of matter.
    KE = ½ mv2
    – The higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic energy, the
    faster the particles are moving.
    – Standard unit for temperature = Kelvin = K = °C + 273.15

    solid liquid gas


    Thermal Energy
    • Heat: (q) the thermal energy transferred from
    an object of higher temperature to an object of
    lower temperature.
    – Joules = the unit of heat (and other forms energy)
    – calorie = another unit for heat
    • The amount of energy needed
    to raise the temp. of 1 gram of
    water by 1 degree Celsius
    • 1 calorie = 4.184 J
    • 1 food Calorie = 1 kcal = 1,000
    calories
    Thermal Energy
    • Specific heat: the amount of energy required to
    raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by
    1 degree Celsius (or Kelvin, depending on the units)
    – This is specific to different materials.
    Thermal Energy
    • We can calculate heat, or thermal energy transfer,
    using mass, specific heat, and changes in
    temperature.

    q = mcΔT
    q = change in thermal energy (or heat)
    m = mass
    c = specific heat (under constant pressure)
    ΔT = change in temperature (Tf – Ti)

    • q is positive if heat is absorbed by the system, and


    negative if heat is released by the system.
    Thermal Energy
    • Example: A wooden block has a mass of 20.0 kg
    and a specific heat of 1,700 J/kg·oC. Find the change
    in thermal energy of the block as it warms from 15 oC
    to 25 oC.
    m = 20.0 kg q = (20.0)(1700)(25-15)
    c = 1700 J/kg·oC
    Ti = 15 oC q = (20.0)(1700)(10)
    Tf = 25 oC
    q=? q = 340,000 J
    q = mcΔT

    q = mc(Tf – Ti)
    Practice Time!
    1. A 275 g sample of water is heated from 274 K to
    312 K. If it has a specific heat of 4.18 J/g·K,
    how much energy as heat was transferred?

    2. Was the heat absorbed or released in #1?

    3. Find the mass of water that requires 24,800 J of


    energy to increase its temperature from 290 K to
    296 K.
    Heat Transfer
    • Heat is always transferred from higher temperature
    objects to lower temperature objects.
    • Three methods in which we see it happen:
    – Conduction: transfer of heat through
    matter by direct contact of the
    particles.
    – Convection: transfer of heat through
    the movement of heated particles
    • When a warm substance changes
    location (Ex. When warm air rises)
    – Radiation: transfer of heat through
    the emission of electromagnetic
    waves
    • Carries energy from sources like the Sun
    Law of Conservation of
    Energy
    • Law of Conservation of Energy: energy
    cannot be created or destroyed when it
    changes forms.
    – Therefore, the overall
    amount of energy in an
    energy conversion should
    not change.
    – Also known as the 1st Law
    of Thermodynamics
    Calorimetry
    • Calorimeter: a tool used to measure the energy
    absorbed or released as heat in a chemical or
    physical change.
    – A calorimeter
    calculates heat lost
    or gained by finding q
    of the water
    surrounding the
    reaction chamber.

    You might also like