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Main Concepts of Geometry

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148 views18 pages

Main Concepts of Geometry

Uploaded by

s43519504
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Main

Concepts of
geometry
Basic Geometry terms

Line terminology
Plan
Types of Angles

Transversal
Basic Geometry Terms:
1. A point is an exact location in space or a flat surface

Points is the most fundamental object in geometry. It is represented by a dot and named by a
capital letter. It represents position only and has zero size (that is, zero length, zero
width, and zero height). It is infinitely small

Types of points:

1. Collinear points: Points that lie on the same line

2. Non-collinear points: If there is no line on which all of the points lie


Plane

In mathematics, any flat surface can be termed as a plane. Such flat


surface is itself a part of an infinite surface.
• 2. A line can be defined as a straight set of points that extend in opposite directions

• It has no ends in both directions(infinite)

• It has no thickness

• it is one-dimensional

• A line can be named either using two points on the line (for example, ) or simply by a letter,
usually lowercase (for example, line m ).
Line terminology
• Parallel Lines
When two straight lines don't meet or intersect at any
point, even at infinity, then they are parallel to each
other.

• Perpendicular Lines
When two lines meet or intersect at an angle of 90
degrees or at a right angle, then they are perpendicular
to each other.
• Intersecting lines

If two lines in a plane intersect each other at one common point are termed as intersecting lines

• Concurrent lines

Three or more lines in a plane meet each other at one common point are termed as concurrent lines.
3. A line segment is a part of a line with two end points

A segment is named by its two endpoints, for example, .

4. A ray starts from one point and extends in one direction forever. You cannot measure the length of a ray.

A ray is named using its endpoint first, and then any other point on the ray (for example, ).
5. An angle is formed when two rays share an endpoint. The shaded angle is written as

We can classify angles according to their


size:
Note: A reflex angle is one whose measure is between 180° and 360°.
Angle Pairs:
• Two angles with sizes that add to 90° are called complementary angles.

• Two angles with sizes that add to 180° are called supplementary angles.

• Vertically opposite angles occur whenever two lines intersect.


 If there are n points on a line finding the number of segments.

𝑛(𝑛 −1)
𝑁=
2

 If there are n points on a line finding the number of rays.

𝑁 =2 𝑛

 If point C is on AB segment, the distance between midpoint of AC and CB is:

𝐴𝐵
2
Transversal
• A transversal is any line that intersects two or more lines in
the same plane but at distinct points. Road crossing two or
more roads or a railway line crossing several other lines are
examples of transversal.

• The transversal is said to cut the two lines that it crosses.


Mutually parallel and perpendicular
angles
Some
properties
of angles

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