Cloud

Computing
 Virtualizatio“
”n

“Virtualization” that refers to the process of making a “virtual version” of

something like hardware or software- virtual servers, infrastructure,
devices and computing resources.
For example : creating a virtual machine that serves as a real-life
computer.
• Consider an instance, a user can take a computer running on Windows
as an operating system, then make a virtual machine over that
computer, and then run another operating system on virtual machines
like Linux.
• Virtualization introduces the new significant connection between
hardware-software and is one of the foundational portions of cloud
computing technology in order to help and utilize the capabilities of
cloud computing to its entirety.

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• What is Abstraction?
• Abstraction is the act of representing essential features while hiding
the background details from users and developers.
• Virtualization is similar to abstraction but it does not always
hide the low layer’s details. The term abstraction is used in the
computing industry at several levels. Abstraction is about hiding the
background details from the users and developers, and involves
constructing interfaces to simplify the use of the underlying resource,
which also simplifies operations.
• Applications run on physical systems that aren’t specified, data is
stored in locations that are unknown, administration of systems is
outsourced to others, and access by users is everywhere.
• Abstraction is one of the core features of cloud computing which
allows abstraction of the physical implementation to hide technical
details from consumers. This functionality is supported
by virtualization technology.

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• Virtualization is making a virtual platform of server operating
system and storage devices. This will help the user by providing
multiple machines at the same time it also allows sharing a single
physical instance of resource or an application to multiple users.

• Cloud Virtualizations also manage the workload by transforming

traditional computing and make it more scalable, economical and
efficient.

• Virtualizations in Cloud Computing rapidly integrating the

fundamental way of computing. One of the important features of
virtualization is that it allows sharing of applications to multiple
customers and companies.

• Cloud Computing can also be known as services and application

delivered to help the virtualized environment.

• This environment can be either public or private. With the help of4
virtualization, the customer can maximize the resources and reduces
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Types of Virtualization in Cloud
Computing

• Operating System Virtualization

• Hardware Virtualization
• Server Virtualization

• Storage Virtualization

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Types of Virtualization in Cloud
Computing

1. Operating System Virtualization

• In operating system virtualization in Cloud Computing, the
virtual machine software installs in the operating system of the
host rather than directly on the hardware system.

• The most important use of operating system virtualization is for

testing the application on different platforms or operating
system. Here, the software is present in the hardware, which
allows different applications to run.

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Types of Virtualization in Cloud
Computing

b. Server Virtualization
• In server virtualization in Cloud Computing, the software
directly installs on the server system and use for a single
physical server can divide into many servers on the demand
basis and balance the load.

• It can be also stated that the server virtualization is masking of

the server resources which consists of number and identity.
With the help of software, the server administrator divides one
physical server into multiple servers.

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Types of Virtualization in Cloud Computing

c. Hardware Virtualization
• Hardware virtualization in Cloud Computing, used in
server platform as it is flexible to use Virtual Machine rather
than physical machines. In hardware virtualizations, virtual
machine software installs in the hardware system and then it is
known as hardware virtualization.

• It consists of a hypervisor which use to control and monitor the

process, memory, and other hardware resources. After the
completion of hardware virtualization process, the user can
install the different operating system in it and with this
platform different application can use.
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Types of Virtualization in Cloud Computing

d. Storage Virtualization
• In storage virtualization in Cloud Computing, a grouping is
done of physical storage which is from multiple network
storage devices this is done so it looks like a single storage
device.

• It can implement with the help of software applications and

storage virtualization is done for the backup and recovery
process. It is a sharing of the physical storage from multiple
storage devices.

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How Virtualization Works?
• Virtualization in Cloud Computing is a process in which the user of
cloud shares the data present in the cloud which can be application
software etc. It provides a virtual environment in the cloud which can
be software hardware or any other thing.
• virtualization, the server and the software application which are
required by the cloud providers maintain by the third party and in
this, the cloud provider please some amount to the third party.

• It is done because it will be costly if a new version of an application is

released and it has to be introduced to the customers.

• It can be also explained in a way that with the help of Hypervisor

which is software the cloud customer can access server.
• A hypervisor is connectivity between the server and the virtual
environment and distributes the resources between different
virtual environments.
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How Virtualization Works?

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Benefits of Virtualization

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Security
• During the process of virtualization security is one of the
important concerns. The security can be provided with the help
of firewalls, which will help to prevent unauthorized access
and will keep the data confidential.
• Moreover, with the help of firewall and security, the data can
protect from harmful viruses malware and other cyber threats.
Encryption process also takes place with protocols which will
protect the data from other threads.

• So, the customer can virtualize all the data store and can
create a backup on a server in which the data can store.

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Flexible operations
• With the help of a virtual network, the work of it professional is
becoming more efficient and agile. The network switch
implement today is very easy to use, flexible and saves time.

• With the help of virtualization in Cloud Computing, technical

problems can solve in physical systems. It eliminates the
problem of recovering the data from crashed or corrupted
devices and hence saves time.

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Economical
• Virtualization in Cloud Computing, save the cost for a
physical system such as hardware and servers. It stores all the
data in the virtual server, which are quite economical.

• It reduces the wastage, decreases the electricity bills along

with the maintenance cost. Due to this, the business can run
multiple operating system and apps in a particular server.

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Eliminates the risk of system failure

• While performing some task there are chances that the system
might crash down at the wrong time. This failure can cause
damage to the company but the virtualizations help you to
perform the same task in multiple devices at the same time.

• The data can store in the cloud it can retrieve anytime and with
the help of any device.
• Moreover, there is two working server side by side which
makes the data accessible every time. Even if a server crashes
with the help of the second server the customer can access the
data.

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Flexible transfer of data

• The data can transfer to the virtual server and retrieve

anytime. The customers or cloud provider don’t have to waste
time finding out hard drives to find data.
• With the help of virtualization, it will very easy to locate the
required data and transfer them to the allotted authorities.

• This transfer of data has no limit and can transfer to a long

distance with the minimum charge possible. Additional storage
can also provide and the cost will be as low as possible.

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Characteristics of virtualized environments
Virtualization is a broad concept that refers to the creation of a virtual
version of something, whether hardware, a software environment,
storage, or a network.
In a virtualized environment there are three major components: guest,
host, and virtualization layer.
 The guest represents the system component that interacts with
the virtualization layer rather than with the host, as would normally
happen.
 The host represents the original environment where the guest
is supposed to be managed.
 The virtualization layer is responsible for recreating the same
or a different environment where the guest will operate

• In the case of hardware virtualization, the guest is represented by a

system image comprising an operating system and installed
applications. These are installed on top of virtual hardware that is
controlled and managed by the virtualization layer, also called the18
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Characteristics of virtualized environments
• Resource Distribution: Either be a single computer or a network of
connected servers, virtualization allows users to make a unique
computer environment from one host machine that lets users to
restrict the participants as active users, scale down power
consumption and easy control.

• Isolation: Virtualization software involves self-contained virtual

machines, these VMs give guest users (not an individual but a number
of instances as applications, operating systems, and devices) an
isolated online, virtual environment. This online environment not only
defends sensitive knowledge but also allows guest users to remain-
connected.

• Availability: Virtualization software provides various number of

features that users won’t obtain at physical servers, these features are
beneficial in increasing uptime, availability, fault tolerance, and many
more. These features help users to avoid downtime that subverts the 19
users’ efficiencies and productivities and also generates security
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Characteristics of virtualized environments
• Aggregation: Since virtualization allows several devices to split
resources from a single machine, so it can be deployed to join multiple
devices into a single potent host. In addition to that, aggregation also
demands for cluster management software in order to connect a
homogeneous group of computers or servers collectively for making a
unified resource center.
•
• Authenticity and security: At ease, virtualization platforms assure
the continuous uptime by balancing load automatically that runs an
excessive number of servers across multiple host machines in order to
prevent interruption services.

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Characteristics of virtualized environments

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Characteristics of virtualized environments

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 The host is instead represented by the physical hardware, and
in some cases the operating system, that defines the environment
where the virtual machine manager is running.

 In the case of virtual storage, the guest might be client

applications or users that interact with the virtual storage
management software deployed on top of the real storage system. The
case of virtual networking is also similar:

 The guest— applications and users—interacts with a virtual

network, such as a virtual private network (VPN), which is managed by
specific software (VPN client) using the physical network available on
the node.

 VPNs are useful for creating the illusion of being within a

different physical network and thus accessing the resources in it,
which would otherwise not be available.
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The main common characteristic of all these different implementations
is the fact that the virtual environment is created by means of a
software program.

The ability to control the execution of a guest in a completely

transparent manner opens new possibilities for delivering a secure,
controlled execution environment. The virtual machine represents an
emulated environment in which the guest is executed. All the
operations of the guest are generally performed against the virtual
machine, which then translates and applies them to the host. This level
of indirection allows the virtual machine manager to control and filter
the activity of the guest, thus preventing some harmful operations
from being performed. Resources exposed by the host can then be
hidden or simply protected from the guest. Moreover, sensitive

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The main common characteristic of all these different implementations
is the fact that the virtual environment is created by means of a
software program.

The ability to control the execution of a guest in a completely

transparent manner opens new possibilities for delivering a secure,
controlled execution environment. The virtual machine represents an
emulated environment in which the guest is executed. All the
operations of the guest are generally performed against the virtual
machine, which then translates and applies them to the host. This level
of indirection allows the virtual machine manager to control and filter
the activity of the guest, thus preventing some harmful operations
from being performed. Resources exposed by the host can then be
hidden or simply protected from the guest. Moreover, sensitive

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information that is contained in the host can be naturally hidden
without the need to install complex security policies. Increased
security is a requirement when dealing with untrusted code. For
example, applets downloaded from the Internet run in a sandboxed3
version of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which provides them with
limited access to the hosting operating system resources. Both the
JVM and the .NET runtime provide extensive security policies for
customizing the execution environment of applications. Hardware
virtualization solutions such as VMware Desktop, VirtualBox, and
Parallels provide the ability to create a virtual computer with
customized virtual hardware on top of which a new operating system
can be installed. By default, the file system exposed by the virtual
computer is completely separated from the one of the host machine.
This becomes the perfect environment for running applications
without affecting other users in the environment.

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Managed execution
 Virtualization of the execution environment not only allows
increased security, but a wider range of features also can be
implemented. In particular, sharing, aggregation, emulation, and
isolation are the most relevant features • Sharing.

 Virtualization allows the creation of a separate computing

environments within the same host. In this way it is possible to fully
exploit the capabilities of a powerful guest, which would otherwise be
underutilized. As we will see in later chapters, sharing is a particularly
important feature in virtualized data centers, where this basic feature
is used to reduce the number of active servers and limit power
consumption.

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 • Aggregation. Not only is it possible to share physical

resource among several guests, but virtualization also allows
aggregation, which is the opposite process. A group of separate hosts
can be tied together and represented to guests as a single virtual host.
This function is naturally implemented in middleware for distributed
computing, with a classical example represented by cluster
management software, which harnesses the physical resources of a
homogeneous group of machines and represents them as a single
resource.
 Emulation. Guest programs are executed within an environment that is controlled by the
virtualization layer, which ultimately is a program. This allows for controlling and tuning
the environment that is exposed to guests. For instance, a completely different
environment with respect to the host can be emulated, thus allowing the execution of guest
programs requiring specific characteristics that are not present in the physical host. This
feature becomes very useful for testing purposes, where a specific guest has to be
validated against different platforms or architectures and the wide range of options is not
easily accessible during development. Again, hardware virtualization solutions are able to
provide virtual hardware and emulate a particular kind of device such as Small Computer
System Interface (SCSI) devices for file I/O, without the hosting machine having such29
hardware installed. Old and legacy software that does not meet the requirements of
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 Isolation. Virtualization allows providing guests—whether they

are operating systems, applications, or other entities—with a
completely separate environment, in which they are executed. The
guest program performs its activity by interacting with an abstraction
layer, which provides access to the underlying resources. Isolation
brings several benefits; for example, it allows multiple guests to run on
the same host without interfering with each other. Second, it provides
a separation between the host and the guest. The virtual machine can
filter the activity of the guest and prevent harmful operations against
the host

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Portability
The concept of portability applies in different ways according to the
specific type of virtualization considered. In the case of a hardware
virtualization solution, the guest is packaged into a virtual image that,
in most cases, can be safely moved and executed on top of different
virtual machines. Except for the file size, this happens with the same
simplicity with which we can display a picture image in different
computers. Virtual images are generally proprietary formats that
require a specific virtual machine manager to be executed. In the case
of programming-level virtualization, as implemented by the JVM or
the .NET runtime, the binary code representing application
components (jars or assemblies) can be run without any recompilation
on any implementation of the corresponding virtual machine. This
makes the application development cycle more flexible and application
deployment very straightforward: One version of the application, in
most cases, is able to run on different platforms with no changes.
Finally, portability allows having your own system always with you and
ready to use as long as the required virtual machine manager is 31
available. This requirement is, in general, less stringent than having