IT109

System Integration
and Architectures 1
Arduino
What is Arduino
it is a tool that helps
you control electronic
stuff with the use of
code.
Code

The code itself that created inside

the IDE to be loaded in the Arduino
board. The Arduino code is called
sketch. It has an C and C++
programming languages but have
some Arduino functions and
structure.
IDE- integrated development
environment

The software used

to create code that
actually get loaded
to Arduino board.
Hardware
The physical components
of an Arduino. The input,
output and the board itself.
Input and Output

Inputs are devices to gather

information.
Outputs are devices to have
some actions in your gather
information's.
What Arduino can do?

 Stand in the middle of this

input and output devices and
control them with some cool
logic that you need to create.
Arduino can read inputs and
control outputs.
Input Devices

 Light Dependent Resistor

 Pushbutton
 Potentiometer
 Temperature sensor
 Fingerprint sensor
 Smoke Sensor
 Keypad
 Sound detection sensor
Light Dependent Resistor

The Light Dependent

Resistor commonly
known as a
photoresistor or light
sensor is one of the
common input devices
that can be used in
 Pushbutton

The pushbutton is another

type of input device used
for switching purposes. The
pushbuttons are connected
to the digital pins of
Arduino because they have
only two possible states
either HIGH or LOW.
 Potentiometer
A potentiometer is an input device by
which we can manually vary the
resistance between zero to a specific
value of the potentiometer. We can
attach the potentiometer to the analog
pins of Arduino and can take the
resistance value of our choice. The
potentiometer has three legs, one leg is
connected to the five volts, the other is
connected to the ground, and the middle
leg is connected to the analog pin of the
Arduino where we have to take input.
 Temperature sensor
A temperature sensor is another input device
that can be interfaced with Arduino to get
the input values of the surrounding
temperature. A temperature sensor has a
resistor inside its construction, so when the
surrounding temperature increases the value
of resistance will start increasing, and if the
surrounding temperature decreases, the
value of resistance decreases. This value of
resistance can be Measured by connecting it
to analog pins of Arduino. These temperature
sensors can be used for many purposes. it
has three legs that are connected to ground,
voltage, and output pin.
 Fingerprint sensor
The fingerprint sensors are used to take
the input of impressions of fingers and
use it for security purposes. There are
different types of fingerprint sensors, the
most used fingerprint sensor is r503
which can be interfaced with Arduino. The
fingerprint sensors are widely used where
biometric impressions are required most
common applications of fingerprint
sensors are security and attendance
devices.
 Smoke Sensor
The smoke sensor is another type of input device
that can be interfaced with Arduino to detect the
presence of smoke in its surroundings. It also
changes the resistance on the concentration of the
smoke like if there is smoke in the surrounding, the
concentration of the smoke increases which will
increase the resistance of the sensor, and if there
is no smoke in the surroundings, there will be no
concentration of smoke, so the sensor will measure
the less resistance. The most common smoke
sensor which can be interfaced with Arduino is
MQ2 and it can be used in fire alarms for the
detection of fire.
 Keypad
The keypad modules are also considered
as the input devices which can be
interfaced with the Arduino boards. The
keypad modules contain the buttons just
like a keyboard of a computer and can be
used to insert different ASCII numbers.
With the help of a keypad, we can take
the input and perform a calculation.
There are different types of keypads that
can be interfaced with Arduino like 3×3
and 4×3 keypads.
 Sound detection sensor
The sound detection sensors are used to
measure the loudness of the sound and
are also a device that can be interfaced
with Arduino to get input. The threshold
of sound intensity can be adjusted by the
potentiometer on the sensor module.
There are different types of sound
detection sensors among which KY-038 is
the most commonly used sound detector.
Output Devices

Light emitting diode

Motors
Liquid crystal display
Relays
Seven segment displays
 Light emitting diode

The LEDs can be used as an output device

with Arduino as it can serve various purposes
in the projects for example, the color of the
LED can be associated with any type of
indication. The indication can be for turning
on an appliance or a circuit or it can be used
to indicate if there is any fault in the circuit.
Similarly, there are various types of
indications that can be made using the LED,
similarly more than one LEDs can also be
used for multiple indications in a project.
 Motors

The Arduino boards can also be used to

drive DC motors which in turn can run or
control another device. For example, if
water is to be pumped using Arduino the
DC motor will be an output device. The
device will run when the water level falls
below the level given in the Arduino
program. Similarly, motors can be used
to drive fans as well in short to move any
device we can used motors with Arduino.
 Liquid crystal display

 Todisplay the output of the Arduino

program digital displays are interfaced
with Arduino. These displays come in
multiple sizes/resolutions and the most
common of them is 16×2. This size is
the most commonly used size by the
students in their different projects. The
purpose of the LCD is to just display the
output data coming from the Arduino
board or the input data given by any
input device to the Arduino board.
 Relays

 Relays are normally used for the protection of

the devices in the circuit as it isolates the faulty
part of the circuit from the whole circuit. Another
purpose of the relays is that we can use them for
the purpose of switching from one device to
another. The Arduino boards mostly use the
relays as an output device as it can switch from
one device to another. For example, based on
the load or time interval or voltage level Arduino
board can switch between two or three motors.
Similarly, it can also be used to shift from the
regular supply to the backup supply in case of
power failure.
 Seven segment displays

 The seven segment displays are used

when the output of Arduino is only in
the form of numbers, for example, in
digital counters, clocks, or electronic
meters. A single module of the seven
segments can display numbers from
0 to 9. It comes in two configurations:
common anode and common
cathode.
 Speaker and buzzer

In Arduino projects the speakers

or buzzers are interfaced as an
output device. These can be used
for sounding an alarm or playing
any melody on specific
frequencies. Similarly, speakers
can also be used for giving any
voice commands in case of
occurrence of an event..
What is on Arduino Board?

Circuit
board
– the
board
itself
Microcontroller
Is what enables
The Arduino to
read input
and to control
output.
GPIO-general purpose input/output
pins
What Arduino to Buy?

There are tons of board

that is compatible with
Arduino. But the
recommended is the
Arduino uno rev 3.
- Neil Armstrong