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Computer Graphics Detailed

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Dani Gedefa
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1 views

Computer Graphics Detailed

Uploaded by

Dani Gedefa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Graphics

Geometry and Line Generation -


Detailed Overview
CHAPTER IV: Computer Graphics
• In order to display any object on a computer
screen, the most important information is
which pixel needs to be highlighted for
accomplishing it.

• Representing continuous graphic objects as


discrete pixels is called scan conversion.
Line Drawing Algorithms
• Several line drawing algorithms are
developed:
• - Minimize calculations by using integer
arithmetic
• - Divide the screen into rows and columns
(pixels)
• Equations used:
• m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)
• c = y1 - m * x1
Requirements for Drawing a Line
• General requirements:
• - Lines must appear to be straight
• - Lines should start and end accurately
• - Maintain constant brightness along the
length
• - Lines should be drawn rapidly
• Cartesian equation: y = mx + c
DDA Algorithm Overview
• DDA (Digital Differential Analyzer) Algorithm:
• - Based on Δx or Δy
• - Provides the best pixel approximation for a
straight line.
• Steps:
• 1. Input two endpoints (xa, ya) and (xb, yb)
• 2. Compute dx, dy, and length
DDA Algorithm Steps (Continued)
• 3. Calculate Δx and Δy:
• Δx = dx / length
• Δy = dy / length
• 4. Plot initial pixel (x, y)
• 5. Increment and repeat for the entire length.
DDA Algorithm Example
• Example: Line from (2,3) to (6,6)
• - dx = 4, dy = 3, Length = 4
• - Δx = 1, Δy = 0.75
• - Pixels plotted: (2,3), (3,3.75), (4,4.5), (5,5.25),
(6,6)
Bresenham's Line Algorithm
• Incremental scan-conversion algorithm:
• - Uses only integer calculations
• - Efficient and avoids floating-point operations
• - Determines the closest pixel to the line
Bresenham Algorithm Example
• For each x-step, choose between two y-
coordinates
• Example: Line from (2,3)
• - Decision variables guide pixel plotting closer
to the line.

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