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Lecture - 26

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15 views12 pages

Lecture - 26

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nehasidar152
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HIGH ANGLE CONVEYOR (HAC)

HIGH ANGLE CONVEYOR (HAC) is also called as sandwich belt conveyor, which
employs two ordinary rubber belts which sandwich the conveyed material. Additional force
on the belt provides hugging pressure to the conveyed material in order to develop
sufficient friction at the material-to-belt and material-to-material interface. This prevent
sliding back of material. This created great opportunities for high angle conveyors in the
1990’s.
Principle of sandwich belt conveyor:

α - conveying angle
N – normal hugging load
Wm- weight of the bulk material
µt – coefficient of friction for cover surface on bulk
material
µb– coefficient of friction for bulk material on conveyor
belt
µm – coefficient of friction for bulk material

If the cover surface is free to follow the material as it slides back, sliding will occur when the
tangential component of the material weight exceeds the frictional forces which resists it.
To achieve an inclination angle α, a normal hugging load N must be exerted by the top surface,
such that

i.e.

Classification of high angle


conveyor:
1. Cover belt acting by its own weight

Here a chain matt cover surface driven by a


cleated belt acts as a hugging force (Fig. 1)

Fig. 1 Sandwich bely conveyor with self weighted cover


surface
2. Cover belt with additional pressure
The cover belt is pressed on to the material by rubber tyres distributed across the belt and placed
at large intervals along the conveyor length (Fig. 2)

3. Cover belt with carrier


Here a cover belt with flexible carrier, consisting of flexible chain or rope, secured to the belt at
prescribed intervals along the length (Fig. 3).

Fig. 2 With cover belt pressured by rubber tyres Fig. 3 With carriers
SPECIAL TYPE OF BELTS:

The Retainer Belt


It consists of a conventional carrying conveyor on three roller troughing idlers and a heavy
cover belt with smooth rubber surface. The cover belt is shot with lead for the extra weight
needed in the normal force component.

The Overlay Conveyor


It uses an ordinary (non-weighted) cover belt which is driven along with the carrying belt by
mechanical coupling. A specially suspended single roll idler presses the cover belt on the
carrying belt at the entrance to the belt sandwich (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4 Sandwich bely conveyor with non-weighted cover


High Angle Conveyor has proven itself to be a versatile and economic method for
lifting and lowering material at different angles. The conveyor can be used at all angle
up to 90° as well.

Important requirements of sandwich belt conveyor:

1. The HAC must provide for easy removal or lifting of the cover belt when
the conveyor is to be operated at shallow angles.
2. The system must lend itself to easy and quick repair of the belts
3. Any high angle conveyor must lend itself to easy cleaning

Advantages of HAC over traditional truck haulage system:


4. Superior energy efficiency
The truck dead load can account for up to 45% of the total gross
hauled weight in fully loaded hauled trucks.
2. Less sensitive to inflation
A HAC will have a longer life and lower maintenance costs when compared to trucks
which are replaced every 6 to 8 years.

3. Less total excavation


HAC may be supported along the stable slope and hence the total excavation is therefore
minimised. For truck haulage minimum road gradient should be maintained, which enhance the
volume of excavation.

4. Less haulage road maintenance


Since HAC is mounted on structures, it not demands for regular maintenance of
roadways.

5. High lift
Vertical lift up to 100m is possible with fabric belt where as using steel cord belt the
same may be increased up to 300m.

6. High angle conveying


Angle of conveying up to 80°has been achieved without excessive wear, as the cover
belt keeps the material enclosed without allowing relative movement between belt and material.

7. Spillage free operation


The material will centred and sealed between two belts, is prevented from spillage.
8. Flexibility in operation
The HAC module is suitable for application under wide variety of condition.

9. Simplicity in maintenance
As the majority of components are conventional conveyor hardware, maintenance does
not requires much specialised skill.

Fig. 5 Arrangement of elevating Fig. 6 Elevating


conveyor conveyor
with shovel and mobile crusher
Demerits of using
HAC
 The covering belt may be damaged due to an
uneven material feeding.
 As the material is compressed while transport it
sticks to the belt which needs to scrapped at the
dumping point. This leads to wear and tear of the
belt.
 In Manikpur opencast coal mine the transport distance of the material
was reduced from 3.7 km to 1 km by using HAC belt of 400m length.

Fig. 7 Plan of the mine

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