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L8 Pac

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10 views28 pages

L8 Pac

Uploaded by

nahla13ibrahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Nile valley University

Faculty of Graduate studies


M.Eng.: Engineering system Management
Nov. 2024
Berbar group
Production Management

Lec. 8 Production Activity control


PAC
• Chapter Outline
8.1 General PAC Information and Data
8.2 Prioritizing Work
8.3 Scheduling
8.4 Loading
8.5 Corrective Actions
PAC information
• Production Activity Control (PAC) is concerned with controlling
the actual activity of making a product or delivering a service.
• PAC deals with controlling the priority of the jobs at that work
center.
GENERAL PAC INFORMATION AND DATA 8.1

• The major inputs to the system include:


 Newly released orders (often from MRP).
 Existing order status.
 Routing information. Routing describe
 the process steps, in sequence.
 Lead time information (from the item master).
 Status of resources
GENERAL PAC INFORMATION AND DATA 8.1

• Resources include:
 People: How many people with what skills? the amount of
time they are available on a day-to-day basis.
 Tooling-Any fixtures or equipment .
 Machine or equipment capacity and any scheduled downtime.
 Materials-what components and/or other material are needed
to complete the order.
GENERAL PAC INFORMATION AND DATA 8.1

• A good PAC system will also produce useful information:


 Status and location of orders.
 Status of critical resources.
 Performance to standards (time and/or cost standards).
 Scrap/rework reporting.
 Notification of any problems
GENERAL PAC INFORMATION AND DATA 8.1
• The dispatch list supplies the list of jobs to be performed at
a given work center in the order in which they should be
done.
• Other information may provided by dispatch list:
– Time estimates.
– Processing information, such as which equipment to use and the
specific operation to run.
– Lot sizes.
– Where the job will move after processing.
– Jobs expected to be moved to the work center .
GENERAL PAC INFORMATION AND DATA 8.1
• Feedback to PAC:
 What has been produced (part number and quantity).
 Problems, such as quality problems or part shortages.
 Workforce data, often used to define efficiency and utilization.
 Equipment status.
Gantt chart
• The Gantt Chart.
• Is a simple visual aid to not only schedule work according to
the priority, but to quickly assess the status of jobs in order to
both communicate that status and to reprioritize as necessary.
• It visually shows the work to be done, an expectation of the
time required, the start and end times, and the job status.
Gantt chart example
Gantt chart status
PRIORITIZING WORK 8.2

• Due date
• Shortest processing time (SPT).
• Total slack.
• Slack per operation.
• First come, first serve.
• Critical ratio. time remaining until due divided by the
work remaining.
EXAMPLE 8.1
Suppose a work center has the following six jobs awaiting
processing (they are listed in the order in which they arrived
at the work station):
Example 8.1
• Due date

•Shortest processing time


Example 8.1

• Total slack

•Critical ratio
Scheduling in MRP and "Pull" Production Environments

• MRP due date


• Pull Kanban first come first served
SCHEDULING 8.3

• Two approach:
backward scheduling
forward scheduling
Example
Current time day 214
One shift 7 hours
Quantity required 100
Capacity available
Example
• Forward scheduling

• The completed day 227 ready for delivery day


228
example
• Backward scheduling
• The job promised to the customer on day 240
• The job must be completed on day 239
LOADING 8.4

• The total time estimate to complete all the jobs at a


given work center is work center load.
• Two approaches:
Infinite Loading:
finite Loading.
Loading Infinite
Loading Finite
Methods of loading

• Vertical loading. In this approach a work center is


selected and jobs are loaded into the center job by job
according to a priority
• Horizontal loading. In this approach the highest priority
job is loaded work center by work center into all the
work centers that will be required.
EXAMPLE 8.2 LOADING EXAMPLE

Current day 137


7 hours shift 420 minutes
EXAMPLE 8.2 LOADING EXAMPLE
Determine the time it should take to complete each job

See the discussion page # 190 191


CORRECTIVE ACTIONS 8.5
• Subcontracting or purchasing components.
• Lot splitting.
• Operation overlapping.
• Operation splitting.
• Alternative routings.
• Order cancellation

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