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Lecture 1

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6 views14 pages

Lecture 1

Uploaded by

btwitsahmed2410
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Relational

Database
Management
System
Introduction
(LECTURE – 1)
Muhammad Asher Ahsan
National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &
Technical Skills
DATA
A collection of raw facts and figures related to an object is called Data.

Object → person (or student), an organization, an event or any other things etc.

Data → in the form of text, numbers, images, sounds, and videos.

Processed to produce meaningful information.

IMPORTANCE OF DATA

Gives view of current and past activities or history related to the rise and fall of

an organization.
12/14/2024 National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &
 Helps an organization in making decisionsTechnical
for future
Skills activities
INFORMATION
The processed data.
• Provides useful meanings.
• Data is used as input for processing and information is the output of this
Processing.

DATA PROCESS INFORMATION

12/14/2024 National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &


Technical Skills
INFORMATION
Sr.NO Name English Chemistry Computer
Total Grade
1 Ali 44 55 66
165 B
2 Kamran 34 65 34
133 C
3 USMAN 67 76 45
12/14/2024 188 A National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &
Technical Skills
Difference between Data and
Information
DATA INFORMATION
Raw facts and figures. Information is Processed data.
Does not give useful and proper Gives useful and proper meanings.
meanings.
Input for processing. Output of processing.
Does not depend on information. Depends upon data.
Huge in volume. Normally short in volume.
Data us huge in volume Normally short in volume

12/14/2024 National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &


Technical Skills
INTRO TO DBMS

A database management
system (DBMS) refers to
the technology for
creating and managing
databases. DBMS is a
software tool to
organize (create,
retrieve, update, and
manage)
12/14/2024 data in a National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &
Technical Skills
DEFINATION OF DBMS
DBMS stands for Database Management System. We can
break it like this DBMS = Database + Management System.

Database is a collection of data and Management System is


a set of programs to store and retrieve those data.

12/14/2024 National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &


Technical Skills
Characteristics of DBMS
Here are the characteristics and properties of Database Management System:
• Provides security and removes redundancy
• Self-describing nature of a database system
• Insulation between programs and data abstraction
• Support of multiple views of the data
• Sharing of data and multiuser transaction processing
• Database Management Software allows entities and relations among them to
form tables.
• It follows the ACID concept (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability).
• DBMS supports multi-user environment that allows users to access and
manipulate data in parallel.

12/14/2024 National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &


Technical Skills
DBMS vs. Flat File
DBMS Flat File Management System

Multi-user access It does not support multi-user access


Design to fulfill the need for small and large It is only limited to smaller DBMS system.
businesses
Remove redundancy and Integrity Redundancy and Integrity issues
Expensive. But in the long term Total Cost of It's cheaper
Ownership is cheap
Easy to implement complicated transactions No support for complicated transactions

12/14/2024 National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &


Technical Skills
FIELD
• A set of related characters
• Represents smallest unit of data.
• Field name: Each field is given a unique name.
Example: Roll_No, Name, Address and Marks of a
student of a class.
• Each field contains one specific piece of information.
• Field size: The maximum number of characters that can
be stored in a field.
• Each field can contain only one type of data such as
12/14/2024 text or numbers or dates and so on.
National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &
Technical Skills
RECORD
A collection of related
fields.
• A record is treated as a
single unit.
• Example, a student’s
record includes a set of
fields that may contain
Roll_No, Name, Address,
and Phone etc.

12/14/2024 National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &


Technical Skills
FILE

File or data set: A collection of related records.


• These related records are treated as a single unit.
• Example: A collection of records of students of a college.
• Files are stored on storage media such as hard disk, CD-ROM, USB
drive etc.

12/14/2024 National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &


Technical Skills
TYPE OF FILES

(i) Usage point of view


(ii) Functional point of
view
(iii) Storage point of view
12/14/2024 National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &
Technical Skills
Summary
• Introduction

Reference :
• CIT 263

National University of Technology | NUTECH Institute of Vocational &


Technical Skills

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