Computer Numerical

Control
Lecture 4
Part Programming for NC Systems
Part 2

Dr Ibrahim Al-Adwan
Manual NC programming

Part program: A computer program to specify

- Which tool should be loaded on the machine spindle;

- What are the cutting conditions (speed, feed, coolant ON/OFF etc)

- The start point and end point of a motion segment

- how to move the tool with respect to the machine.

Standard Part programming language: RS 274-D (Gerber, GN-code)

 History of CNC

The RS274-D is a word address format

Each line of program == 1 block

Each block is composed of several instructions, or (words)

Sequence and format of words:

N3 G2 X+1.4 Y+1.4 Z+1.4 I1.4 J1.4 K1.4 F3.2 S4 T4 M2

sequence no destination coordinates dist to center of circle tool

feed rate spindle speed

preparatory function
Other function
Manual Part Programming Example

5”
2.5”
p4
p2 p3 p5

1”

Tool size = 0.25 inch,

5” Feed rate = 6 inch per minute,
Cutting speed = 300 rpm,
Tool start position: 2.0, 2.0
45° Programming in inches

(4, 4)
p1 Motion of tool:
p0  p1  p2  p3  p4  p5  p1  p0
p0 (2, 2)
 1. Set up the programming parameters

5”
2.5”
p4
p2 p3 p5

1”

Programming in inches
5”
Use absolute coordinates

Feed in ipm
45°
N010 G70 G90 G94 G97 M04
(4, 4)
p1
Spindle speed in rpm
p0 (2, 2)
Spindle CCW
2. Set up the machining conditions
5”
2.5”
p4
p2 p3 p5

1”

Machine moves in XY-plane

5”
Use full-circle interpolation

Feed rate

Spindle speed
45°

N020 G17 G75 F6.0 S300 T1001 M08

(4, 4)
p1
Tool no.
p0 (2, 2)
Flood coolant ON
 3. Move tool from p0 to p1 in straight line

5”
2.5”
p4
p2 p3 p5

Linear interpolation
1”
target coordinates

5” N030 G01 X3.875 Y3.698

45°

(4, 4)
p1

p0 (2, 2)
 4. Cut profile from p1 to p2

5”
2.5”
p4
p2 p3 p5

1”

Linear interpolation
5” target coordinates

N040 G01 X3.875 Y9.125

45°
or
(4, 4)
p1 N040 G01 Y9.125

p0 (2, 2)

X-coordinate does not change  no need to program it

 5. Cut profile from p2 to p3

5”
2.5”
p4 Linear interpolation
p2 p3 p5

target coordinates
1”

N050 G01 X5.634 Y9.125

5”

y = 9 + 0.125 = 9.125
(6.5 - x)2 + 0.1252 = (1 - 0.125)2
x = 5.634
45° p3
(x, y)
(4, 4)
p1 (6.5, 9)
.125

p0 (2, 2)

1”
 6. Cut along circle from p3 to p4

5”
2.5”
p4
p2 p3 p5

1”

circular interpolation, CCW motion

5”
target coordinates

45° N060 G03 X7.366 Y9.125 I6.5 J9.0

(4, 4)
coordinates of center of circle
p1

p0 (2, 2)
 7. Cut from p4 to p5

5”
2.5”
p4
p2 p3 p5

1”

5”

Linear interpolation

45° target coordinates (Y is unchanged)

(4, 4)
N070 G01 X9.302
p1

p0 (2, 2)
 8. Cut from p5 to p1

5”
2.5”
p4
p2 p3 p5

1”

5”
Linear interpolation

target coordinates (see step 3)

45°
N080 G01 X3.875 Y3.698
(4, 4)
p1

p0 (2, 2)
 9. Return to home position, stop program

5”
2.5”
p4
p2 p3 p5

1”

Linear interpolation

5” target coordinates (see step 3)

N090 G01 X2.0 Y2.0 M30

45°
end of data
(4, 4)
p1
N100 M00

p0 (2, 2) program stop

Programming Key Letters
 O - Program number (Used for program identification)
 N - Sequence number (Used for line identification)
 G - Preparatory function
 X - X axis designation
 Y - Y axis designation
 Z - Z axis designation
 R - Radius designation
 F – Feed rate designation
 S - Spindle speed designation
 H - Tool length offset designation
 D - Tool radius offset designation
 T - Tool Designation
 M - Miscellaneous function
Explanation of commonly used G codes

• G00 – Preparatory code to control final position of the tool

and not concerned with the path that is followed in arriving at
the final destination.

• G01 – Tool is required to move in a straight line connecting

current position and final position. Used for tool movement
without any machining- point to point control. (linear
interpolation)

• G02 – Tool path followed is along an arc specified by I, J and

K codes.( circular interpolation)
Table of Important G codes
G00 Rapid Transverse
G01 Linear Interpolation
G02 Circular Interpolation, CW
G03 Circular Interpolation, CCW
G17 XY Plane,G18 XZ Plane,G19 YZ Plane
G20/G70 Inch units
G21/G71 Metric Units
G40 Cutter compensation cancel
G41 Cutter compensation left
G42 Cutter compensation right
G43 Tool length compensation (plus)
G43 Tool length compensation (plus)
G44 Tool length compensation (minus)
G49 Tool length compensation cancel
G80 Cancel canned cycles
G81 Drilling cycle
G82 Counter boring cycle
G83 Deep hole drilling cycle
G90 Absolute positioning
G91 Incremental positioning
Table of Important M codes
 M00 Program stop
 M01 Optional program stop
 M02 Program end
 M03 Spindle on clockwise
 M04 Spindle on counterclockwise
 M05 Spindle stop
 M06 Tool change
 M08 Coolant on
 M09 Coolant off
 M10 Clamps on
 M11 Clamps off
 M30 Program stop, reset to start
Rules for programming

Block Format

N135 G01 X1.0 Y1.0 Z0.125 F5

Sample Block
• Restrictions on CNC blocks
• Each may contain only one tool move
• Each may contain any number of non-tool move G-
codes
• Each may contain only one feed rate
• Each may contain only one specified tool or spindle
speed
• The block numbers should be sequential
• Both the program start flag and the program number
must be
independent of all other commands (on separate lines)
Manual Part Programming

Some Part Programming Examples

Example 1: Point-to-Point Drilling

Sample part to illustrate NC part programming. Dimensions

are in mm. General tolerance = 0.1 mm. Work material is a
machinable grade aluminum.

12/14/2024 19
Manual Part Programming

Some Part Programming Examples

Example 1: Point-to-Point Drilling

Sample part aligned relative to (a) x-and y-axes, and (b) z-axis.
Coordinates are given for significant part features in (a).
12/14/2024 20
Manual Part Programming

Some Part Programming Examples

Example 1: Point-to-Point Drilling
This example presents the NC part program in word address
format for drilling the three holes in the sample part. We
assume that the outside edges of the starting workpart have
been rough cut (by jig sawing) and are slightly oversized for
subsequent profile milling. The three holes to be drilled in this
example will be used to locate and fixture the part for profile
milling in the following example. For the present drilling
sequence, the part is gripped in place so that its top surface is
40 mm above the surface of the machine tool table to provide
ample clearance beneath the part for hole drilling. We will
define the x-, y-, and z-axes as shown in the second figure. A
7.0-mm diameter drill, corresponding to the specified hole
size, has been chucked in the CNC drill press. The drill will be
operated at a feed of 0.05 mm/rev and a spindle speed of
1000 rev/min (corresponding to a surface speed of about 0.37
m/s, which is slow for the aluminum work material). At the
beginning of the job, the drill point will be positioned at a
target point located at x=0, y=-50, and z=+10 (axis units are
mm). The program begins with the tool positioned at this
target point. 21
12/14/2024 22
Manual Part Programming

Some Part Programming Examples

Example 2 two-Axis Milling
The three holes drilled in the previous example can be used
for locating and holding the workpart to completely mill the
outside edges without re-fixturing. The axis coordinates are
the same coordinates as in the previous drilling sequence.
The part is fixtured so that its surface is 40 mm above the
surface of the machine tool table surface. A 20-mm diameter
end mill with four teeth will be used. The cutter has a side
tooth engagement length of 40 mm. Throughout the
machining sequence, the bottom tip of the cutter will be
positioned 25 mm below the part top surface, which
corresponds to z=-25mm. Since the part is 10mm thick, the z-
position will allow the side cutting edges of the milling cutter
to cut the full thickness of the part during profile milling. The
cutter will be operated at a spindle speed=1000 rev/min
(which corresponds to a surface speed of about 1.0 m/s) and a
feed rate = 50mm/min (which corresponds to 0.20 mm/tooth).
The tool path to be followed by the cutter is shown in the
following figure, with numbering that corresponds to the
sequence number in the program. Cutter diameter data has
been manually entered into offset register 05. At the
beginning of the job, the cutter will be positioned so that its
center tip is at a target point located at x=0, y=-50, and 23
Manual Part Programming

Some Part Programming Examples

Example 2 two-Axis Milling

12/14/2024 24
12/14/2024 25
 APT Programming Example
Cylindrical Part

F 25
Raw Material

70

F 22.5
F 17.5
Finished Part

20
30
APT Programming Example (Cylindrical Part)
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0303
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X22.50 Z2.0 S500
N0080 G01 Z-30.0 F100
N0090 G00 X23.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200 D2=200
D3=650
N0110 G00 Z2.0
N0120 X50.0 Z50.0
N0130 M30
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
Program identification number
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
To cancel any previous working zero point
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0303
N0010 Sequence number
T0303 Select tool number 303
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.0 Z0.0 S500 M04
G57 To set the working zero point as saved
G00 Rapid movement (no cutting)
X26.0 X location (as a diameter; 13 form zero)
Z0.0 Z location
S500 Spindle speed is 500 rpm
M04 Rotate spindle counterclockwise
x
+ve

(0,0) +ve z
 APT Program Interpretation

O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
G01 Linear interpolation (cutting)
X-0.20 Move only in x direction until you pass
the center by 0.1 mm (facing)
F100 Set feed rate to 100 mm/min.
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
G00 Move rapidly away from work piece (no cutting)
Z2.0 the movement is 2 mm away from the face.
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
Go to a safe location away from the
workpiece [x = 50 (25 from zero), z = 50] to
change the tool.
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
T0404 Select tool number 404
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X22.50 Z2.0 S500
G57 PS0
G00 Rapid movement (no cutting)
X22.50 X location (as a diameter; 11.25 form zero)
Z2.0 Z location
S500 Spindle speed is 500 rpm
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 Z-30.0 F100
G01 Linear interpolation (cutting)
Z-30 Move only in z direction (external turning)
F100 Set feed rate to 100 mm/min.
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X23.0 Z2.0 S500
G00 Move rapidly away from work piece (no cutting) to
location x= 23.0 (11.50 from zero) and z = 2.0.
O0013 APT Program Interpretation
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X26.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200 D2=200 D3=650
G84 Turning cycle for machining the step
X17.5 final diameter
Z-20 length of step is 20 mm
D0=200 Finish allowance in X direction (0.2 mm) D2=200 Finish
allowance in Z direction (0.2 mm)
D3=650 Depth of cut in each pass (0.65 mm)
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X26.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200 D2=200 D3=650
N0110 G00 Z2.0
G00 Move rapidly away from workpiece (no cutting)
Z2.0 the movement is 2 mm away from the face.
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X26.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200 D2=200 D3=650
N0110 G00 Z2.0
N0120 X50.0 Z50.0
X50.0 Z50.0 Move to the tool changing location
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X26.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200 D2=200 D3=650
N0110 G00 Z2.0
N0120 X50.0 Z50.0 T00
N0130 M30
M30 Program End
 Programming Example

Raw Material Finished Part

y
Programming Example

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
x
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N010 G81 R3 E9 N7 Z-0.5
N011 M05
N012 M02
y

Programming Example
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
x N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N013 M05
N014 M02
 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Setting the datum to the lower left corner of the work piece
 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1

Program Identification Number

 Program Interpretation

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1

N001 Sequence Number

M06 Tool Change (End Mill with
Diameter=12mm
T1 Tool Number
 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400

Start rotating the spindle clockwise with 400

rpm
 Program Interpretation

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150

Go to Safe Position with feed 150mm/min

 Program Interpretation

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150

Lower the end mill to determine the depth of

cut
 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75

Move from the lower left corner

of the work piece to the right
lower one cutting with
feed=75mm/min
 Program Interpretation

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75

Move from the lower left corner of the

work piece to the right lower one
cutting with feed=75mm/min
 Program Interpretation

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75

Cutting the horizontally up to

X=30
 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75

Cutting to X=0 & Y=40

 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75

Complete the countering

 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N010 G81 R3 E9 N7 Z-0.5

Repeat 7 times blocks from N003 to N009

with incremental offset of Z=-0.5
 Program Interpretation

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N010 G81 R3 E9 N7 Z-0.5
N011 M05

Spindle Off
 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N010 G81 R3 E9 N7 Z-0.5
N011 M05
N012 M02

End Program
 Program Interpretation

Tool Change

Changing the tool

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Setting the datum to the lower left corner of the work piece
 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2

Program Identification Number

 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2

N001 Sequence Number

M06 Tool Change (Drill with
Diameter=6mm
T2 Tool Number
 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400

Start rotating the spindle clockwise with 400

rpm
 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150

Go to Safe Position with feed 150mm/min

 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150

Stop above the center of the first hole

 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75

Start Drill the first hole

 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150

Retract to a position above the hole

 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150

Stop above the center of the second hole

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed
150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75

Drill the second hole

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150

Retract to a position above the second hole

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150

Stop above the center of the third hole

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75

Drill the third hole

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150

Retract to a position above the third hole

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N013 M05
Spindle off
 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N013 M05
N014 M02
End Program
 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N013 M05
N014 M02
End Program
 CAD/CAM

Two computer-based systems which impact the use of CNC technology are
computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing.
A computer aided design, or CAD, system uses computers to graphically create
product designs and models. These designs can be reviewed, revised, and
refined for optimum end use and application. Once finalized, the CAD design
is then exported to a computer aided manufacturing, or CAM, system.
CAM systems assist in all phases of manufacturing a product, including
process planning, production planning, machining, scheduling, management
and quality control.
Automatic Part Programming
Software programs can automatic generation of CNC data

Define Tool

CNC data

Make 3D model
Simulate
cutting
Automatic part programming and DNC

Very complex part shapes  very large NC program

NC controller memory may not handle HUGE part program

computer feeds few blocks of

NC program to controller

When almost all blocks executed,

controller requests more blocks
Summary

CNC machines allow precise and repeatable control in machining

CNC lathes, Milling machines, etc. are all controlled by NC programs

NC programs can be generated manually, automatically

Additional references: RS274D code descriptions