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Etc CH-1

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18 views16 pages

Etc CH-1

Uploaded by

Frency Butani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electric Traction and Control (EE1320)

CH:1 Introduction

Prepared by: Mr. Jignesh Joshi


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What is Electric Traction System?

A system which causes the propulsion of vehicle in which tractive or driving force is
obtained from various devices such as diesel engine drives, steam engine drives, electric
motors, etc. is called as traction system.

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Supply Systems of Electric Traction

The way of giving the power supply to locomotive unit is generally referred as traction
electrification system. Presently, there are four types of track electrification systems are
available based on the availability of supply. These are

 DC traction system
 Single phase AC traction system
 Three phase AC traction system
 Composite traction system

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DC Traction System
In this traction system, electrical motors are operates on DC supply to produce necessary
movement of the vehicle. Mostly DC series motors are used in this system. For trolley buses
and tramways, DC compound motors are used where regenerative braking is required.
The various operating voltages of DC traction system include 600V, 750 V, 1500V and 3000V.

• DC supply at 600-750V is universally employed for tramways and light metros in urban areas
and for many suburban areas. This supply is obtained from a third rail or conductor rail, which
involves very large currents.

• DC supply at 1500- 3000 is used for main line services such as light and heavy metros. This
supply is drawn mostly from an overhead line system that involves small currents.
In both cases, only one conductor or rail is required to supply power to locomotive while track
rails are used as return conductors in majority of cases.

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The advantages of DC Traction system include,

•In case of heavy trains that require frequent and rapid accelerations, DC traction motors are
better choice as compared AC motors.
•DC train consumes less energy compared to AC unit for operating same service conditions.
•The equipment in DC traction system is less costly, lighter and more efficient than AC
traction system.
•It causes no electrical interference with nearby communication lines.

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Single Phase AC Traction System

In this type of traction system, AC series motors are used to produce the propulsion of
vehicle. This system uses AC voltages from 15-25KV at a frequency of 16.7 (i.e., 16 2/3) or
25 Hz. This low frequency leads to give better performance and more efficient operation by
the series motor.
• This single phase supply is fed to the locomotive unit via a single overhead line while
track provides the return path.
• The high voltages (15-25KV) obtained from overhead conductor are stepped down to a
suitable motor operating range (typically 300-400V range) using step-down transformer
carried by the locomotive unit itself.

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Three Phase AC Traction System
In this, three phase induction motors are used for the movement of locomotive. This system
normally works on 3000-3600V AC at a frequency either 16 2/3 or normal supply frequency.

This system employs two overhead lines for two phases, whereas the track forms third phase.
These conductors are powered from substations which are rated at higher voltages and they
receive power from three-phase transmission lines.

The high voltages from transmission lines are stepped down to 3.3 KV (3000-3600 V) by
transformers while the frequency is reduced by frequency converters installed at substations.

The three phase induction motor used in this system has the following characteristics; simple
and robust construction, provision of regenerative braking without additional equipment and
high operating efficiency, better performance, etc.
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Composite Traction System

The above discussed methods have their own merits and demerits. Single phase AC system
has less distribution cost whereas DC system has excellent driving capability by DC series
motors and three phase system has automatic regenerative braking capacity.

So by combining the advantages of AC/DC and single/three phase systems, the overall
performance of the traction system gives better result than individual system and hence the
evolution of composite system.

Basically composite systems are of two types, namely

•Single phase to three phase system


•Single phase to DC system

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End of the chapter-1

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