Hist Project Copy

HISTORY PROJECT
MADE BY VEHAAN
8C
INDEX
MEANING OF
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
AND DUTIES
• The Fundamental Rights are
defined as the basic
human rights of all
citizens,which provide the
conditions essential for the all
round development of a human
being. The Fundamental
Duties are defined as the moral
obligations of all citizens to help
promote a spirit of patriotism
and to uphold the unity of India.
THE RIGHT TO
EQUALITY (ARTICLE 14 TO
18)
• The success of Indian Democracy largely rests
on the right to Equality of citizens.The right to
equality has political,social and economic
components.
• Article 14 treats all people the same in the eyes
of the law.
• Article 15,doesn’t allow discrimination in any
part of India.
• Equality of opportunity in matters of
public employment (Article 16)
• Abolition of untouchability (Article 17)
• Abolition of titles (Article 18)
RIGHT TO
FREEDOM (ARTICLE 19 TO
22)
• This right is a cluster of six essential freedoms and their protection.
• Article 19 guarantees six freedoms. They are:
• Freedom of speech and expressions
• Freedom to assemble
• Freedom to form associations/unions/cooperative

societies
• Freedom to move freely
• Freedom of residence
• Freedom of profession
• Article 20 deals with the protection of citizens in respect

of conviction for offences. This provides for three types
of protection of the individual against the State.
• Article 21 states that no person shall be deprived of his

life and personal liberty by the State except as per the
procedure established by law.
• Article 22 deals with the protection against arrest and

detention in certain cases.
RIGHT
AGAINST EXPLOITATION
• The right against exploitation, given in Articles 23 and 24,
provides for two provisions, namely the abolition of trafficking in
human beings and Begar (forced labour), and the abolition of
employment of children below the age of 14 years in dangerous
jobs like factories, mines, etc.
• Article 23(1): Traffic in human beings and the

beggar and other similar forms of forced labour are
prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall
be an offence punishable in accordance with the law.
• Article 23(2): Nothing in this article shall prevent the

State from imposing compulsory service for public
purposes, and in imposing such service the State shall
not make any discrimination on grounds only of religion,
race, caste or class or any of them.
• Article 24 says that “No child below the age of fourteen

years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine
or engaged in any other hazardous employment.”
• This Article forbids the employment of children below

the age of 14 in any hazardous industry or factories or
mines, without exception.
• However, the employment of children in non-hazardous

work is allowed.
RIGHT TO
FREEDOM OF RELIGION
• Everyone has the right to

freedom of thought, conscience
and religion;
this rightincludes freedom to
change
his religion or belief and freedom,
either alone or in community with
others and in public or private, to
manifest his religion or belief,
in worship, teaching practice and
observance.
RIGHT TO CULTURAL AND
EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS
• The Cultural and educational

Rights preserve the right of any
section of citizens to conserve
their culture, language or script,
and right of minorities to establish
and
administer educational institutions
of their choice. ... The right to
constitutional remedies is present
for enforcement of
fundamental rights.
RIGHT TO
CONSTITUTIONAL
REMEDIES
• Right to constitutional remedies (Articles 32 to
35) empowers the citizens to move to a court of
law in case of any denial of the
fundamental rights. ... The courts can issue
various kinds of writs protecting the rights of the
citizens..There is a right in India which
states that a person can move to Supreme
court if he/she wants to get their
fundamental rights protected. This right
comes under article 32 for Supreme court
an article 226 for the high court. It is
known as the right to constitutional
remedies. In this right, the Supreme court,
as well as high court, is given the power to
instill the fundamental rights. Furthermore,
the power can be issued by local courts
also to extend the rights. Although, there
is one act which comes under the military
law known as the court-martial which is
exempted from this right
WRITS IN THE INDIAN
CONSTITUTION
• Habeas Corpus- By this writ the court directs the person or
authority who has detained another person to bring the body
of the prisoner before the court so as to enable the court to
decide the validity , jurisdiction or justification for such
detention.
• Quo Warranto -The writ of quo warranto is used to judicially
control executive action in the matter of making
appointments to public offices under relevant statutory
provisions.
• Mandamus is a command issued by a court to an authority
directing it to perform a public duty imposed upon it by law.
• Certiorari and Prohibition
These writs are designed to prevent the excess of power by
public authorities . Formerly these writs were issued only to
judicial and quasi-judicial bodies.
THE FUNDAMENTAL
DUTIES BY THE
CONSTITUTION OF
INDIA
• Seven fundamental rights were

originally provided by the
Constitution – the right to
equality, right to freedom, right
against exploitation, right to
freedom of religion, cultural and
educational rights, right to property
and right
to constitutional remedies.
THANK YOU

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HISTORY PROJECT

• Article 19 guarantees six freedoms. They are:

• Freedom of speech and expressions

• Freedom to form associations/unions/cooperative

• Freedom to move freely

• Article 20 deals with the protection of citizens in respect

• Article 21 states that no person shall be deprived of his

• Article 22 deals with the protection against arrest and

• Article 23(1): Traffic in human beings and the

• Article 23(2): Nothing in this article shall prevent the

• Article 24 says that “No child below the age of fourteen

• This Article forbids the employment of children below

• However, the employment of children in non-hazardous

• Everyone has the right to

• The Cultural and educational

• Seven fundamental rights were

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