WORK HARD,

PLAY HARD
CM#1:
WORK, POWER, AND ENERGY
WORK HARD,
PLAY HARD
CM#1:
WORK, POWER, AND ENERGY
RECAP
from Term 1
 Learning Objectives
• To recognize the conventional and scientific meaning of
work.
• To examine in what way power is utilized and illustrate its
scientific applications.
• To correlate kinetic and potential energy to the law of
conservation of mechanical energy.
• To enumerate different sources of energy.
WORK

Comes from English physicist James Prescott

Joule
WORK

• Work is done when a force

causes an object to move in the
direction of the force.
Let’s Ponder

Work : Energy
WORK

• Each time work is made, energy is

transferred. Hence,

“WORK IS A TRANSFER OF
ENERGY.”
WORK

• Both work and energy have the

same unit, which is Joule (J).
WORK
• For 5,000 J of work applied on an
object, 5,000 J of energy is also
transferred.
WORK
• NOTE:
Applying Force does not mean
work is being done.
WORK
WORK
WORK
WORK
Examples of WORK are…

• When a crane raises a

steel beam
WORK
Examples of WORK are…

• When an archer bends

a bow as an arrow is
pulled back and is
released
WORK
Examples of WORK
are…

• A man walking on
the stairs
WORK
• Mathematically, work can be expressed as:

W = F.D

Where:
W is the work performed by an object in Joules
F is Force applied
D is Displacement
POWER

James Watt
as the founder of
unit of Power.
POWER
Defined as the rate at
which the work
performed or work
per unit change of
time.
POWER
The unit of power is Joule
per second or Watt, which
can be expressed as:

P = W/ Δt

Where:
W is work performed
in Joules
Δt is change in the
interval of time in
seconds
ENERGY
KINDS OF ENERGY:

GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL
ENERGY, is the object’s stored
energy because of its distance
above the surface of the Earth.

KINETIC ENERGY is the energy of a

moving object.
KINDS OF ENERGY:

HEAT ENERGY
Heated objects have energy and can
do work. Example is a boiler with
water being heated.

RADIANT ENERGY
Heat produced by the sun is an
example of radiant energy. It is
produced when the radiant energy
from sunlight is absorbed by a
photocell and electrical energy is
produced.
 Sun emits radiant energy in the form of light, traveling at a speed of 3 x 10 8 m/s.
This energy travels through space and reaches Earth. The light radiation strikes our
skin and excites the skin molecules. The molecules then start to vibrate rapidly,
and we perceive the vibrations as heat.
KINDS OF ENERGY:
Chemical Potential Energy

Atoms bonds together in various

combinations to form different kinds of
molecules involving varying amounts of
energy. Examples is a stick of dynamite
that releases chemical energy and can do
work when it explodes.

Elastic Energy

Objects that are stretched, compressed, or

twisted can do work as it return to its
original shape. examples are rubber bands
of a model airplane and a bow that was
bent by an archer as he pulls back an
arrow.
KINDS OF ENERGY:

Electrical Energy
Electric charges can do work as its
move through the circuit. Electric
current drives motors to rotate and
turns on flashlights.

Nuclear Energy
The nucleus of an atom has energy. A
kilogram of a uranium processed in a
nuclear reactor releases its energy
by the means of fission.
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
(TRUE OR FALSE)
1. Energy is defined as work per unit change of time.
2. Carrying books while walking is an example of
work.
3. Work is a transfer of energy.
4. As long as you apply force to an object, work is
being done.
5. Using a television shows the transformation of
electrical energy to sound and light energy.
6. A stick of dynamite that releases chemical
energy can do work when it explodes.
7. James Watt is the proponent of the concept
for Work.
8. The amount of work done is always equal to
the amount of energy transferred.
9. The unit for power and energy is Joule.
10. A stone rolling down the hill possess kinetic
energy.
WORK
Worded Problems
WORK: Sample Problem

A. How much work is performed

by the force of friction when a
store clerk pushes a cart along
the floor if a frictional force of
52 N causes the cart to come to
rest after sliding 1.9 meters?
WORK: Sample
Problem
Answer:
• The direction of the frictional
force is opposite to the
displacement; hence the value is
negative.
• F = –52 N
• Since the plastic bin’s energy is
being transformed as heat to the
surface it is sliding on:

W = FΔd = ΔE
Given: Δd = 1.9 m
ΔE = –52 N x 1.9 m
ΔE = –98.8 J = –99 J
WORK: Sample
Problem
B. Determine the work
performed by a 60-kg man
running up the stairs with a
height and base of 4.5 meters.

Fman = mg
= (60 kg)(9.8 m/s²)
= 588 N

W = FΔd
= (588 N)(?)
WORK: Sample
Problem
C. How much work is
done by a power lifter
that pushes a
overheated car with a
force of 800 N at
200m?

W = FΔd = ΔE

= (800N)(200m)
= 160,000 J
WORK: Let’s appraise
1. How much work is done by a force of 20 N that
was applied to push a package of 8.0 m along the
floor?
2. How much work is done on the block if a 2.0 kg
block was accelerated at 5.0 m/s^2 with a
distance of .50m across a frictionless table?
POWER
Worded Problems
POWER: Sample Problem
A. Determine the power of a
heavy equipment that
performs 5.5 x 104 Joules of
work in 1.1 seconds.

Solution:

Δt = 1.1 seconds
W = 5.5 x 10⁴ Joules

Solve for P = ?

Since P = W/ Δt
POWER: Sample Problem

B. Determine the power performed

by a 60-kg man running up the
stairs with a height and base of
4.5 meters in 4.0 seconds
POWER: Sample Problem

C. What power is required from

a 60-kg man that climbs a 5-
m tree in height within 10
seconds?
POWER: Let’s appraise
1. Calculate the power needed by a winch that
makes 6.6 x 102 Joules of work in 5.00 minutes.
2. Calculate the time needed for a 2.5-kilowatt
electric motor to perform 7.5 x 104 Joules of
applied work.
3. Solve the work done by a 500-W electric mixer
in 2.5 minutes.
Gravitational Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Worded Problems
 Gravitational Potential Energy
• The change in gravitational potential energy
of an object is expressed as

ΔEg = mgΔh

where m is the mass of the object in kilograms

g is the acceleration due to gravity at 9.8 m/s2
Δh is the vertical displacement of the object in
meters
ΔEg is the object’s change in gravitational
potential energy in Joules
G.P.E Sample Problems:

1.How much gravitational potential energy a

4.0 kg block has if it is lifted 25 m?

2.A 61.2 kg boy fell 0.500 m out of the bed.

How much potential energy is lost?
Answers:
1. ΔEg = mgΔh

2. ΔEg = mgΔh
= (61.2 kg)(9.80 N/kg)(–0.500 m)
= –299.8 = –300 J
The negative sign indicates the boy loses 300
J of gravitational potential energy.
 Kinetic Energy
 KINETIC ENERGY is the energy of a
moving object.

with mass, m, accelerated

 Consider a rolling stone

by a force, F, pushing on it
with a displacement, Δd,
down a frictionless incline.

stone is: W = FΔd

The work done on the
 Using the second law of motion:

F = ma
 By substitution, we now have:

W = (ma)Δd
= maΔd
 The speed of the  The accelerating

0 to v in the time

( )
stone changes from stone’s displacement

interval, Δt. The

is:

( )
acceleration is:

( )
 Now we  Since work on the
substitute into the object did energy
equation for transfer, the stone

( )( )
has an energy of
W = (ma)Δd
work: motion or kinetic
energy, written as:
Sample Problems:

1. Calculate the kinetic energy of a

6.0 kg object sliding at 4.0 m/s.

2. Calculate the speed of a 5.44 kg

hammer thrown if its kinetic energy
is 68 J.
Answers:
2.
1.
Let’s Appraise

1.Calculate the kinetic energy of an object that has a mass of 0.500 kg

moving with a velocity of 30.0 m/s.

2.Calculate the kinetic energy of a shotgun that has a mass of 25.0

grams with a velocity of 3,600 km/h.

3.Determine the mass of a moving object with a velocity of 20 m/s and

a KE of 4,000 J.
4.Determine the velocity of a falling rock with a mass of 1.5 kg and a KE
of 48 J.
Thank you
for listening!