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26 views14 pages

OpenStax Statistics CH10 ImageSlideshow

Uploaded by

Minh ANh Phạm
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© © All Rights Reserved
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INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS

Chapter 10 HYPOTHESIS TESTING WITH TWO SAMPLES:


TWO MEANS, PAIRED DATA,
PowerPoint Image Slideshow
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

By the end of this chapter, the student should be able to:


•Classify hypothesis tests by type.
•Conduct and interpret hypothesis tests for two population means, population standard
•Conduct and interpret hypothesis tests for two population means, population standard
•Conduct and interpret hypothesis tests for matched or paired samples.
Studies often compare two groups. For example, researchers are interested in the effe
There are other situations that deal with the comparison of two groups. For example, s
You have learned to conduct hypothesis tests on single means. You will expand upon

The groups are classified either as independent or matched pairs. Independent groups consist of
two samples that are independent, that is, sample values selected from one population are not
related in any way to sample values selected from the other population. Matched pairs consist of
two samples that are dependent. The parameter tested using matched pairs is the population
mean.
FIGURE 10.1

If you want to test a claim that involves two groups (the types of breakfasts eaten east
and west of the Mississippi River) you can use a slightly different technique when
conducting a hypothesis test. (credit: Chloe Lim)
10.1 TWO POPULATION MEANS WITH
UNKNOWN STANDARD DEVIATIONS

1.The two independent samples are simple random samples from two distin
2.For the two distinct populations:
if the sample sizes are small, the distributions are important (should be
if the sample sizes are large, the distributions are not important (need
The comparison of two population means is very common. A difference

NOTE
The test comparing two independent population means with unknown and possibly unequal
population standard deviations is called the Aspin-Welch t-test. The degrees of freedom formula
was developed by Aspin-Welch.
EXAMPLE 10.1
Independent groups
The average amount of time boys and girls aged seven to 11 spend playing

Average Number Sample


Sample of Hours Playing Standard
Size Sports Per Day Deviation
Girls 9 2 0.866
Boys 16 3.2 1.00

Problem
Is there a difference in the mean amount of time boys and girls aged
seven to 11 play sports each day? Test at the 5% level of significance.
Solution
The population standard deviations are not known. Let g be the subscript for girls and
Random variable: X¯g−X¯b = difference in the sample mean amount of time girls and
H0: μg = μb H0: μg – μb = 0
Ha: μg ≠ μb Ha: μg – μb ≠ 0
The words "the same" tell you H0 has an "=". Since there are no other words to indica
Distribution for the test: Use tdf where df is calculated using the df formula for indepen
Calculate the p-value using a Student's t-distribution: p-value = 0.0054
FIGURE 10.2

sg=0.866
sb=1
So, x¯g–x¯b= 2 – 3.2 = –1.2
Half the p-value is below –1.2 and half is above 1.2.
Make a decision: Since α > p-value, reject H0. This means you reject μg = μb. The
means are different.
10.2 TWO POPULATION MEANS WITH KNOWN STANDARD
DEVIATIONS
EXAMPLE 10.6
Independent groups, population standard deviations known: The mean lasting time of

Sample Mean
Number of Months Population Standard
Wax Floor Wax Lasts Deviation
1 3 0.33
2 2.9 0.36

Problem
Does the data indicate that wax 1 is more effective than wax 2? Test at a 5% level of
significance.
FIGURE 10.5

X¯1– X¯2 = 3 – 2.9 = 0.1


Compare α and the p-value: α = 0.05 and p-value = 0.1799. Therefore, α < p-value.
Make a decision: Since α < p-value, do not reject H0.
Conclusion: At the 5% level of significance, from the sample data, there is not sufficient
evidence to conclude that the mean time wax 1 lasts is longer (wax 1 is more effective)
than the mean time wax 2 lasts.
10.4 MATCHED OR PAIRED SAMPLES
This OpenStax ancillary resource is © Rice University under a CC-BY 4.0
International license; it may be reproduced or modified but must be
attributed to OpenStax, Rice University and any changes must be noted.

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