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Lecture 1-1

Programming using a C++ language

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14 views15 pages

Lecture 1-1

Programming using a C++ language

Uploaded by

oswardkipeleka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

PROGRAMMING
CODE: ITU07112
LECTURE 1
Course outline

 Terminologies used in computer programming


 Types of programming Language
low level language
high level language
 Compilers and interpreters
 Algorithm
flow charts
pseudo code
 Program errors
 Programming practical's
Definitions of Terms
A computer program is a sequence of
instructions written using a computer
programming language to perform a specified
task by the computer.
The two important terms:
 Sequence of instructions
 Computer Programming Language
Definitions cont…
Computer Programming is the act of writing
computer programs.
Programming language is a set of rules that provides a
way of telling the computer what operations to perform.
There are many programming languages, which can be
used to write computer programs and following are a
few of them:
Java , C , C++ ,Python , PHP , Perl, Ruby , Pascal,
Fortran
Definitions cont…
NOTE
Programs written in any language are
represented in a binary form (series of 1s and
0s) so that the computer can execute them.
Thus, all programs written in different
programming languages are translated into the
binary code before the computer can execute
them.
Definitions cont…
Computer Programmer is someone who can
write computer programs.
Or
someone who can do computer programming.
PROGRAM SPECIFICATIONS

Before a program is written, a detail specification


must be drawn up showing exactly what is to be
done by the program.
 Input: a description of the format of the input
data.
 Processing: a description of the processes of the
program must follow to get the output from the
input.
 Output: a description of the format of output data.
PROGRAMMING CIRCLE

Problem-solving skills are essential to successful


programming. In solving a problem, developing
a program requires five steps.
 Defining the problem
 Planning the solution
 Coding the Program
 Testing the Program
 Documentation
TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

There are two types of programming


languages;
High level languages
Low level languages
TYPES OF PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES cont…
High level language
Is close to human language like English.
Examples of high level languages are C, C++, Java, Python,
etc.

Low level language


A Low Level Language is a machine-friendly language
which relate to the specific architecture and hardware of a
particular type of computer. The most common Low Level
Languages are Machine Language and Assembly Language.
Similarity between high level and low level languages:

 They both give instructions to a computer to


perform a specific task.
Difference between high level and low
level languages:
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE

1 It is programmer friendly language. It is a machine friendly language.


2 It is less memory efficient. It is high memory efficient.

A High Level Language is slower than a Low A Low Level Language is faster than a
Level Language. High Level Language.
3
4 It is easy to understand. It is tough to understand.

It is complex to debug or maintain


5 It is simple to debug and maintain comparatively.
6 It is portable. Can run on multiple platforms It is non-portable.
7 It is machine independent. It is machine-dependent.
8 It needs compiler or interpreter for translation. It needs assembler for translation.
Advantages of High level language over low level languages:

 High level languages are programmer friendly.


They are easy to write, debug and maintain.
 It provides higher level of abstraction from
machine languages.
 It is machine independent language.
 Easy to learn.
 Less error prone, easy to find and debug errors.
 High level programming results in better
programming productivity.
Disadvantages of High level language

 It takes additional translation times to translate


the source to machine code.
 High level programs are comparatively slower
than low level programs.
 Compared to low level programs, they are
generally less memory efficient.
 Cannot communicate directly with the
hardware.

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