CODING-DECODING

Method to Remember the Position of

Letters in English Alphabet
 1. By using EJOTY and CFILORUX formulae, we can easily
remember the position of letters of English alphabet in
forward order.
Backward order position
 Backward order position of a letter = 27 - Forward
order position of letter

 e.g. Backward order position of B = 27 - Forward order

position of B = 27 - 2 = 25
 2. By Using V Q L G B and X U R O L I F C, we can easily
remember the position of letters of English alphabet is
reverse order.
Type #1: LETTER CODING
 In these questions, the letters in a word are replaced by
certain other letters according to a specific rule to form
its code.
Example
 1. In a certain code language, 'GIVE' is written as 'VIEG' and
'OVER' is written as "EVRO'. How will 'DISK' be written in that
same code?

 (a) SIDK

 (b) KISD

 (c) KDSI

 (d) SIKD
Solution: (d)
 2. If in a certain code 'INTELLIGENCE' is written as
'ETNIGILLECNE', then how can 'MATHEMATICAL' be
written in the same code?

 (a) AMHTMETACILA (b) TAMMEHTALAC

 (c) HTAMTAMELACI (d) LACITAMEHTAM

Solution: (c)
 3: If GRASP is code as TIZHK, what will be code as
OVTZXB?

 (a) LEGATE (b) LEAGUE

 (c) LEGACY (d) LEDGER

Solution: (c)
 4: If CUP = 40, then KITE = ?

 (a) 10 (b) 20

 (c) 30 (d) 45
Solution: (d) Using forward letter positions,
 1. If ‘MEAT’ is written as ‘TEAM’, then ‘BALE’ is
written as [SSC (CGL) 2013]

 (a) ELAB (b) EABL

 (c) EBLA (d) EALB

 2. If ‘WATER’ is written as ‘YCVGT’, then what is
written as ‘HKTG’? [SSC (CGL) 2013]

 (a) IRFE (b) FIRE

 (c) REFI (d) ERIF

 3. In a certain code BREAKTHROUGH is written as
EAOUHRBRGHKT. How is DISTRIBUTION written in
that code?

a) TISTBUONDIRI

b) STTIBUDIONRI

c) STTIBUONRIDI

d) None of these
Explanation
 Divide BR EA KT HR OU GH
123456
These are coded as pairs 2,5,4,1,6,3 to get the code
' EAOUHRBRGHKT'.
In the same way, dividing the letters of the
words DISTRIBUTION in pairs
DI ST RI BU TI ON
123456
Arranging these pairs in the order 2,5,4,1,6,3, we get
the required code as STTIBUDIONRI.
Hence, option (C) is the correct answer.
4. In a certain code language, BEAT IS WRITTEN as
YVZG, then what will be the code of MILD?

A. NOWR

B. ONRW

C. ONWR

D. NROW
Solution
 Given, BEAT is written as YVZG.
We know that B, E, A, T are respectively the 2nd, 5th, 1st and
20th letters from the beginning of the English alphabet. The letters
of the code Y, V, Z, G are respectively the 2nd, 5th, 1st and
20th letters from the end of the English alphabet.

 Similarly, M, I, L, D are respectively the 13th, 9th, 12th and

4th letters from the beginning of the English alphabet. Now,
the 13th, 9th, 12th and 4th letters from the end of the English
alphabet are N, R, O, W respectively. So, MILD is coded as NROW.
Hence, option (D) is the correct answer.
5. If MADRAS can be written as ARSARS, how can
ARKONAM be written in that code?
ROAAKNM

A. ROAKNNM

B. ROAKNAM

C. ROAKANM

D. ROKANAM
Solution
 The word is fist written twice and the letters at
the even positions in the word so obtained, from
the code.
6. If in a certain code language, 'SPIDER' is written
as 'PSDIRE', then how will 'COMMON' be written in
the same language?

A. MOCMON

B. MOCNOC

C. OCMMON

D. OCMMNO
 7. In a code language DISTANCE is written as IDTUBECN and
DOCUMENT is written as ODDVNTNE. How is THURSDAY
written in that language?

A. DTVSTEYA

B. HTTQRYAD

C. HTVSTYAD

D. HTVSTYDA
Solution
 The coded pattern is as follows:

 The first two and last three letters of the word are written
in the reverse order and each of the remaining letters is
moved one step forward to get the code.

 Thus, we have
TH/URS/DAY ⟶ HT/VST/YAD

 Hence, option (D) is the correct answer.

Type #2: Direct Coding
 In direct coding, the code letters/numbers/ symbols
occur in the same sequence as the corresponding
letters occur in the words. This is basically a direct
substitution method.
 1. If DEVICE is coded as BAREXA and ORNATE is
coded as ZVMESA, what VIDEO be coded as?

 (a) RIBAZ (b) REBAZ

 (c) RBEAZ (d) ZABER

Solution: (d) Using direct letter coding method,
 2. In a certain code, 'GONE' is written as 5 % 2 #
and 'MEDAL' is written as 4 # 3 $ @, then how will
'GOLD' be written in that code?

 (a) 5 @ % 3

 (b) 5 % @ 3

 (c) 5 # @ 3

 (d) 5 % # 3
Solution: (b) Using direct coding method,
3. In a code language, STARK is written as LBFMG and
MOBILE is written as TNRSPJ. How is BLAME written in
that code?
 A) TSFRJ
 B) RPFTJ
 C) NJFTP
 D) TSFGJ
 Answer:
 Option B
 Explanation:

Lett
S T A R K M O B I L E
er
Code L B F M G T N R S P J
Type #3: Conditional Coding
 In this type, letters/numbers are given along with
their code. Candidates are required to find the
codes for a particular letter group/word/number
according to certain conditions given in the
questions.
Example
 In each question below is given a group of letters
followed by four combinations of digits/symbols
numbered (1), (2), (3) and (4). You have to find out which
of the combinations correctly represents the group of
letters based on the following coding system and the
conditions that follow and mark the number of that
combination as your answer. If none of combinations
correctly represents the group of letters, mark (5) i.e.
'None of these' as your answer
 Conditions:

 (i) If the first element is an even digit and the last

element is a symbol, both are to be coded as the code
for the even digit.

 (ii) If the first element is a symbol and the last element

is an odd digit, their codes are to be interchanged.

 (iii) If the first element is an odd digit and the last

element is an even digit, both are to be coded as the
code for the odd digit.
 1. 853©2+

 a) NQHTFE

 b) NQHTFN

 c) EQHTFN

 d) EQHTFE

 e) None of these
 2. 4$%3*6

 a) PAMHUI

 b) PAMHUP

 c) IAMHUP

 d) IAMHUI

 e) None of these
 3. 9@$3%6

 a) IWAHMI

 b) RWAHMI

 c) IWAHMR

 d) RWHAMR

 e) None of these
Type #4: Numbers Symbol
Coding
 In these questions, either numerical code
values are assigned to a word or alphabetical
code letters are assigned to the numbers.
The candidate is required to analyze the
code as per the questions.
Examples
 1. If 2 = 5, 4 = 18, 6 = 39, then 10 =?

 A) 45

 B) 81

 C) 100

 D) 105
 Answer:
 Option D
 Explanation:
 Clearly, in the given coding system, we have :
 2 = 22 + 1 = 5;
 4 = 42 + 2 = 18;
 6 = 62 + 3 = 39;
 So, 10 = 102 + 5 = 100 + 5 = 105
 2. In certain code language, 15729 is written
as AEGBI and 2346 is written as BCDF, then
how will 23549 be written in that language?

 A) ABEDI
B) CBEDI
C) BCEDI
D) CEBDI
E) None of these
Ans: Option C
Explanation

Numb
1 5 7 2 9 3 4 6
er
Code A E G B I C D F
 3. If DELHI is coded as 73541 and CALCUTTA as
82589662, how car CALICUT be coded?

 A) 5279431

 B) 5978213

 C) 8251896

 D) 8543691
 Answer:
 Option C
 Explanation:
 Code for CALICUT is 8251896

Lette
D E L H I C A U T
r
Code 7 3 5 4 1 8 2 9 6
Type #5: Matrix Coding
1. To identify the correct set for the word EAST.

 A) 44,32,21,03

 B) 32,31,02,04

 C) 20,43,33,11

 D) 13,12,14,10
 Answer:

 Option D

 Explanation:

 From matrix I, E can be coded as 01, 13, 20,32 or 44.

 From matrix I, A can be coded as 00, 12, 24,31 or 43.

 From matrix I, S can be coded as 02, 14, 21, 33 or 40.

 From matrix I, T can be coded as 03, 10, 22,34 or 41

2. In each of the following questions, a word is
represented by only one set of numbers as given in any
one of the alternatives. The sets of numbers given in the
alternatives are represented by two classes of alphabets
as in the two given matrices. The columns and rows of
Matrix I are numbered from 0 to 4 and those of Matrix II
from 5 to 9. A letter from these Matrixes can be
represented first by its row and then the column number
eg., in the matrixes for questions, M can be represented
by 14,21 etc O can be represented by 20,32 etc. Similarly,
you have to identify the correct set for the word ROAD
A) 42,32,79,58
B) 23,32,98,99
C) 11,13,67,69
D) 04,20,55,78
Type #6: Substitution
 Some particular words are assigned certain
substituted names. Then a question is asked
that is to be answered in the substituted code
language
 1. If 'eraser' is called 'box', 'box' is called 'pencil',
'pencil' is called 'sharpener' and 'sharpener' is
called 'bag', what will a child write with?
 A) Eraser
 B) Box
 C) Pencil
 D) Sharpner
 E) Bag
 Answer:

 Option D

 Explanation:

 A child will write with a 'pencil' and 'pencil' is

called 'sharpener'. So, a child will write with a
'sharpener'.
 2. If 'black' means 'pink', 'pink' means 'blue',
'blue' means 'white', 'white' means 'yellow',
'yellow' means 'red' and 'red' means 'brown',
then what ie the colour of clear sky ?

 A) Brown

 B) Red

 C) Blue

 D) Pink

 E) None of these
 Answer:

 Option D

 Explanation:

 The colour of the clear sky is 'blue'. But, as

given, 'pink' means 'blue'. so, the colour of clear
sky is 'Pink'
 3. If 'Sky' is 'star', 'star' is 'cloud', 'cloud' is 'earth',
'earth' is 'tree' and 'tree' is 'book" then where do
the birds fly?

 A) Cloud

 B) Sky

 C) Star

 D) Data inadequate

 E) None of these
 Answer:

 Option C

 Explanation:

 Birds fly in the 'sky' and as given, 'sky' is 'star '. so,
birds fly in the 'star''
Type #7: Deciphering Message Word
Codes
 1. In a certain coding system, 'rbm-std bro pus' means
'the cat is beautiful', 'tnh pus dim std' means 'the dog
brown', 'pus dim bro pus cus' means 'the dog has cat'.
What is the code for 'has'?
 A) std
 B) dim
 C) bro
 D) cus
 Answer:

 Option D

 Explanation:

 In the third statement, the code word 'pus' occurs twice and
the word 'the' also occurs twice. So, the code word for 'the'
'is 'pus'. Now, in the first and third statements, the common
code word 'pus' stands for 'the'. So, the other common code
word 'bro' stands for the other common word' ie 'cat'.
Similarly, in the second and 'third statements, the common
code word 'dim' stands for the common word 'dog'.Thus, in
the third statement, the remaining code word i.e. 'cus'
stands for 'has'.
 2. In a certain language, 'sun shines brightly' is
written as'ba lo sul', 'houses are brightly lit as 'kado
ula ari ba'and 'light comes from sun' as 'dopi kup lo
nro'. What code-words are written for 'sun' and
'brightly' ?

 A) ba,sun

 B) sul,lo

 C) lo,ba

 D) ba,lo
 Answer:

 Option C

 Explanation:

 In the first and third statements, the common word is

'sun' and the common code word is 'lo'. So, 'lo' is the
code for 'sun'. In the first and second statements, the
common word is 'brightly' and the common code word
is 'ba'. So, 'ba' is the code for brightly'.
Type #8:
Deciphering Number And Symbol Codes F
or Messages
 1. In a certain code language, '134' means 'good and
tasty','478' means 'see good pictures' and '729'
means 'pictures are faint'. which of the following
digits stands for 'see'?

 A) 9

 B) 2

 C) 1

 D) 8
 Answer:

 Option D

 Explanation:

 In the first and second statements, the common code

digit is '4' and the common word is 'good' .So, '4' stands
for 'good'. In the second and third statements, the
common code digit is '7' and the common word is
'pictures', So, '7' stands for 'pictures'. Thus, in the
second statement, '8' stands for 'see'.
 2. In a certain code language, '253' means 'books are
old' , '546'means 'man is old' and '378' means 'buy
good books'. What stands for 'are' in that code?

 A) 2

 B) 4

 C) 5

 D) 6

 E) 9
 Answer:

 Option A

 Explanation:

 In the first and second statements, the common

code digit is '5' and the common word is 'old'. So, '5'
means 'old'.

 In the first and third statements, the common code

digit is '3' and the common word is 'books'. So, '3'
means 'books'. Thus, in the first statement, '2'
means 'are'
 3. In a certain code language,'pen pencil' is written
as '%&', 'eraser sharpener' is written as '@#' and
'pencil eraser' is written as '%@'. Then, what is the
code for 'pen'?

 A) #

 B) %

 C) @

 D) &

 E) None of these
 Answer:

 Option D

 Explanation:

 In the first and third statements, the common code

symbol is '%' and the common word is 'pencil', So,
'%' means 'pencil'. Thus, in the first statement, '&'
means 'pen'
 4. In a certain code language, '123'means 'bright
little boy', '145' means 'tall big boy' and '637'
means 'beautiful little flower'. Which digit in that
language means 'bright'?

 A) 1

 B) 2

 C) 3

 D) 4
 Answer:

 Option B

 Explanation:

 In the first and second statements, the common code digit

is '1' and the common word is 'boy'. So, '1' means 'boy'.In
the first and third statements, the common code digit is '3'
and the common word. is 'little'. So, '3' means 'little'. Thus,
in the first statement, '2' means 'bright'.
Type #9: Jumbled Coding
 1. In Column, I below ore given some
Column I Column II
words and in Column II are given their HEAD hlonqsx
equivalents in code-language. Neither the ROUTINE dhpqrs
codes nor the letters in Column II are ENOUGH efnqr
given in the same order as the words and GHOST eftrnox
MASTER adeh
their spelling in column I. Study the two
NOSE hnor
columns carefully and identify the code-
equivalent of the letters in the word in
Column I.

 Then, choose the correct code of the

letter given in the question "G"
 A) e

 B) f

 C) h

 D) None of these
 Answer:
 Option B
 Explanation: