Scribd
Upload
23 views35 pages

3rd Lecture

STS 100

Uploaded by

Luis Krisan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views35 pages

3rd Lecture

STS 100

Uploaded by

Luis Krisan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

Intellectual Revolutions that

Defined Society

Module 3
September 21,
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C

2022
What is an Intellectual
Revolution?

Intellectual revolutions are periods


where paradigm shifts occur.

These are times in history when


widely embraced scientific beliefs
were challenged or opposed.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Copernican Revolution
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Claudius Ptolemy, an
astronomer, and
mathematician formulated the
geocentric model.

The geocentric model


assumes that Earth is
stationary and at the center of
the universe.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C

Geocentric model
Ptolemy’s geocentric model stood for centuries
and became a standard in thought.

In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus


challenged the geocentric model by putting
sun at the center of the solar system and
known as the concept of heliocentrism.

This idea was rejected at first by the public. It


appalled many since their religious belief had
Heliocentrism taught them that the Earth was created first
before all other things. Copernicus was even
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C

persecuted as a heretic.
Darwinian Revolution
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Charles Darwin

An British naturalist, biologist, and


geologist.

In 1859 he published a book entitled “On


the Origin of Species”.

In the book, Darwin stated the theory of


evolution by natural selection.
Charles Darwin
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Theory of Evolution by Natural
Selection.

Populations passed through a process


of natural selection in which only the
fittest would survive.

Organisms have the ability to adapt to


their environment and would gradually
change into something that would be
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C

more competitive to survive


Freudian Revolution
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Sigmund Freud
Was the founding father of
psychoanalysis.

Psychoanalysis is a method for treating


mental illness and also a theory which
explains human behavior.

He believed that the human mind was


composed of three conflicting elements:
Sigmund Freud
1. Id
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C

2. Ego
3. Superego
Id
 Driven by pleasure principle.

 Wants immediate gratification of all desires,


wants and needs.

 If these needs are not satisfied immediately,


the result is a state of anxiety or tension.

 It is the only component of personality that is


present from birth.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Superego

 It operates on the moral principles.

 Able to differentiate between good and


bad.

 It provides guidelines for making


judgements.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Ego

 The Ego operates on the reality principle, which


strives to satisfy the Id’s desires in realistic,
logically and in socially appropriate ways.

 Decision-making part.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Information revolution

It is a period of change
that might prove as
significant to the lives of
people.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Mesoamerican
SLIDESMANIA.C
OM
Mesoamerica
Geographical and cultural area which extends
from central Mexico down through Central
America.

The term Meso means middle. (Middle America)

Many important Ancient Civilizations developed


in this area.

A civilization is a culture that has developed


complex systems of government, education,
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C

and religion.
 1200 B.C. – 400 B.C.
 First known civilization to form in Latin America

 250 A.D. – 900 A.D.


 Developed in what is now called the Yucatan Peninsula

 1345 A.D. – 1521 A.D.


 Built their capital on what is now Mexico City.

 1438 A.D. – 1533 A.D.


 Developed in the Andes Mountains in what is now Peru.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Olmec civilization

The earliest civilization in the America.

The Olmec developed advanced cities


that included plazas, housing areas, and
ceremonial centers.

The Olmec are known for HUGE stone


sculptures of heads.
Colossal Head
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Maya civilization

They developed a writing system and


365-day calendar, accurately tracked
the stars and planets, and created a
system of math.

They are also known for farming and


trading. Corn, beans, and squash
were important crops.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C

Maya Writing
The Mayan Calendar
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
The Maya Ball Game
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Aztec civilization

The Aztecs were fierce warriors who


used military power to build a huge
empire.

Collecting taxes from the people they


conquered was how the Aztec
became so wealthy.
Aztec Warriors
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Aztec civilization

Priests were highly respected.

Most important God to the Aztecs


was the Sun God.

To please their gods, Aztecs offered


human sacrifices.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C

Tonatiuh the
Aztec Sun God
Aztec civilization

Created artificial islands in


the lake called chinampa.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C

Chinampa
Chinampa
SLIDESMANIA.C
OM
Inca civilization

The Incas developed in the Andes


Mountains in what is now Peru.

The Incas were ruled by an emperor


who had absolute power.

The people had to speak the Incan


language and worship the Incan
gods.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C

Manco Capac
Inca civilization

The Incans built a large and


elaborate system of roads.

Runners used these roads to carry


news to far off provinces and the
capital.

Inca Road System


OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Inca civilization

Worshipped many Gods related


to the forces of nature.

Sun God was the most


important.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C

Inti the Incan


Sun God
Revolutions in the Middle
East
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Hasan Ibn al-Haytham

Known as the father of modern


Optics.

Hasan Ibn al-Haytham

Muhammad ibn Musa al-


Khwarizmi

Known as the father of Algebra.


OM
SLIDESMANIA.C

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi


Revolutions in Asia
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Chinese

Made a kind of paper called "bo" out of silk,


but its production was very expensive due to
the scarcity of materials.

In the 2nd century, a cheaper kind of paper


made from bark, rags, wheat stalks and other
materials was made.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Chinese

Invention of gunpowder.

Gunpowder was originally used for


making fireworks and its later
adaptation revolutionized warfare
across the world.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
Chinese

The ancient compass was invented


in ancient China in 200 BC.

It was made of lodestone, a


naturally magnetized stone of iron.
OM
SLIDESMANIA.C
END
SLIDESMANIA.C
OM

You might also like