Basic Components in Robotics
Basic Components in Robotics
• **Uses and Functions:** Control center; executes code and coordinates components.
• **Examples:** Arduino, Raspberry Pi
• **Additional Info:** Arduino is great for beginners; Raspberry Pi is more powerful and can
handle complex tasks.
DC Motors
• **Uses and Functions:** Converts electrical energy to rotational movement for wheels or
moving parts.
• **Examples:** Gear Motor, Brushed DC Motor
• **Additional Info:** Speed and torque vary by motor type; suitable for continuous motion
like driving wheels.
Stepper Motors
• **Uses and Functions:** Allows precise control of rotational position, speed, and direction.
• **Examples:** NEMA 17, 28BYJ-48
• **Additional Info:** Moves in steps, ideal for 3D printers, CNC machines, and robotic arms
needing exact positioning.
Servo Motors
• **Uses and Functions:** Provides controlled angular rotation, commonly used for precision
movement.
• **Examples:** SG90, MG996R
• **Additional Info:** Suitable for jointed arms, grippers, and steering mechanisms with
limited rotational range.
Ultrasonic Sensors
• **Uses and Functions:** Measures distance to objects by emitting and receiving sound
waves.
• **Examples:** HC-SR04
• **Additional Info:** Effective for obstacle avoidance; used in navigation and autonomous
movement.
Infrared (IR) Sensors
• **Uses and Functions:** Detects objects, measures distance, or identifies line paths.
• **Examples:** TCRT5000, IR Proximity Sensor
• **Additional Info:** Good for line-following robots or object detection within short ranges.
Light Sensors
• **Uses and Functions:** Detects light intensity, often used for following a light source or
adjusting to ambient light.
• **Examples:** LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
• **Additional Info:** Used in robotics for light-seeking behaviors or environmental detection.
Accelerometers & Gyroscopes
• **Uses and Functions:** Measures orientation, tilt, and motion; helps maintain balance.
• **Examples:** MPU-6050, ADXL345
• **Additional Info:** Essential for self-balancing robots and drones; combines motion
detection with angular positioning.
Batteries
• **Uses and Functions:** Powers the robot, supplying energy to all components.
• **Examples:** Li-ion, NiMH, Lead Acid
• **Additional Info:** Lithium-ion batteries offer high energy density; choose capacity based
on robot’s power needs.
Actuators
• **Uses and Functions:** Converts energy into movement (linear or rotary), used for limbs
and mobility.
• **Examples:** Solenoid, Linear Actuator
• **Additional Info:** Includes any part that moves a robotic limb, piston, or gripper.
Wheels & Tracks
• **Uses and Functions:** Provide mobility; wheels for speed and tracks for stability on
uneven surfaces.
• **Examples:** Rubber Wheels, Tank Tracks
• **Additional Info:** Choice depends on terrain and maneuverability needs; tracks offer
better traction on rough ground.
Frames and Chassis
• **Uses and Functions:** Structural base holding components together and providing
durability.
• **Examples:** Aluminum Chassis, Plastic Frame
• **Additional Info:** Material affects weight and durability; modular chassis can be easily
customized.
Bluetooth Modules
• **Uses and Functions:** Enables wireless communication over short distances; controls via
mobile devices.
• **Examples:** HC-05, HM-10
• **Additional Info:** Useful for smartphone-controlled robots; HC-05 is widely compatible
and easy to configure.
Wi-Fi Modules
• **Uses and Functions:** Connects robot to the internet or other devices for remote
operation.
• **Examples:** ESP8266, ESP32
• **Additional Info:** Suitable for IoT projects; ESP32 is powerful with built-in Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth capabilities.
RF Modules
• **Uses and Functions:** Remote control using radio frequencies; good for longer distances
than Bluetooth.
• **Examples:** RF 433 MHz, NRF24L01
• **Additional Info:** Used in RC robots; NRF24L01 provides reliable, low-power
communication over moderate distances.
Wires and Connectors
• **Uses and Functions:** Simplifies circuit prototyping; used for temporary connections in
testing phases.
• **Examples:** Solderless Breadboard
• **Additional Info:** Reusable and ideal for testing before soldering; enables easy changes to
circuit layouts.
Resistors
• **Uses and Functions:** Stores and releases electrical energy; used for smoothing signals.
• **Examples:** 100µF Capacitor, Ceramic Cap
• **Additional Info:** Important for power regulation and noise reduction in circuits.
Diodes
• **Uses and Functions:** Allows current flow in one direction; protects components from
reverse current.
• **Examples:** 1N4007, Zener Diode
• **Additional Info:** Used for rectification and voltage regulation; Zener diodes are often
used for voltage regulation.
Transistors
• **Uses and Functions:** Electrically operated switch, allows control of high-power circuits
with low-power signals.
• **Examples:** 5V Relay, 12V Relay
• **Additional Info:** Essential for robotics needing to control high-current or high-voltage
components safely.