Arduino

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 Table of contents

01 02
What is Arduino ? How Arduino Works ?

03 04
What is Arduino
TYPE OF ARDUINO
used for?

05 06
ELEMENTS OF
APPLICATIONS
ARDUINO
BOARDS
 Origin of Arduino project

This Arduino project was born in 2003, In order to facilitate the access
and use of electronic and programming Several students from the
Institute of Interactive Design of Ivrea, Italy created it. They did it so
that electronics students would have a cheaper alternative to the
popular BASIC Stamp , boards which costs more than a hundred
dollars in those days, So, not everyone could afford them.
 What is Arduino ?
Arduino is an open source electronics creation platform , which is based on free, flexible and easy to
use hardware and software for creators and developers. This platform allows you to create different
types of single-board microcomputers to which the community of creators can give different types of
use.

In order to understand this concept, first you need to know about free hardware and free software
concepts. Free hardware are devices whose specifications and diagrams are publicly accessible, so
anyone can replicate them. This means that Arduino offers the base so that any other person or
company can create their own boards , being able to be different from each other but equally
functional when starting from the same base.

Free software is a computer program whose code is accessible by anyone so that whoever wants to
use can use and modify it. Arduino offers the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
platform, which is a programming environment with which anyone can create applications for
Arduino boards, so that they can be given all kinds of utilities.

It is also capable of receiving and sending information over the internet with the help of various
Arduino shields, which are discussed in this paper. Arduino uses a hardware known as the Arduino
development board and software for developing the code known as the Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development Environment). Built up with the 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller's that are
How Arduino Works ?
The Arduino is a board based on an
ATMEL AVR microcontroller.
Microcontrollers are integrated circuits
where instructions can be recorded ,
which you write with the programming
language that you can use in the
Arduino IDE environment. These
instructions allow you to create
programs that interact with the
circuitry on the board.
 How Arduino Works
• ?
The most used microcontrollers on Arduino platforms are the Atmega168, Atmega328,
Atmega1280, ATmega8 for their simplicity, but it is being expanded to Atmel
microcontrollers with 32-bit ARM architecture and also to Intel microcontrollers.

• The Arduino microcontroller has communication ports and input / output ports. with which
we can connect different types of peripherals on the board. The information of these
peripherals that you connect will be transferred to the microcontroller, which will be in
charge of processing the data that comes through them.

• On the other hand, Arduino provides us with software consisting of a development

environment (IDE) that implements the arduino programming language, the tools to
transfer the firmware to the microcontroller and the bootloader executed on the
board. The main feature of the software and the programming language is its simplicity
and ease of use.

• Arduino promises to be a simple way to carry out interactive projects for anyone. For
someone who wants to do a project, the process is to download and install the IDE, search
the internet a bit and simply “cut and paste” the code that interests us and upload it to
our HW. Then make the corresponding wiring with the peripherals and we already have the
software interacting with the Hardware. All this with a minimal economic investment: the
cost of the Arduino and the peripherals.
TYPE OF ARDUINO BOARDS
● Arduino is a project and not a specific model of
board, which means that sharing its basic design
you can find different types of boards . There are
in various shapes, sizes and colors for the needs
of the project you are working on, there are
simple or with improved features, Arduinos
oriented to the Internet of Things or 3D printing
and, of course, depending on these features you
will find variable range of prices.

● In addition, Arduino boards also have other types

of components called Shields or backpacks. It is a
kind of boards that connect to the main board to
add an infinity of functions, such as GPS, real-
time clocks, radio connectivity, LCD touch
screens, development boards, and many more
elements. There are even stores with specialized
sections on such items.
 What is Arduino used
for?
• Arduino can be used to create standalone elements, connecting to devices,
and interacting with both hardware and software. It helps us both to control
an element, for example a motor that raises or lowers a blind based on the
existing light is a room, thanks to a light sensor connected to the Arduino, or
to read the information from a source, such as It can be a keyboard or a web
page, and convert the information into an action such as turning on a light
and writing what you type on a display.

• With Arduino it is possible to automate anything to make autonomous

agents (if you want we can call them Robots). To control lights and devices,
or anything else you can think of, you can go for an Arduino-based solution,
especially in developments of devices connected to the Internet.

• Arduino is a technology that has a fast learning curve with basic knowledge
of programming and electronics, which allows developing projects in the
field of Smart Cities, the Internet of Things, wearable devices, health,
leisure, education, robotics, etc …
 ELEMENTS OF ARDUINO BOARDS
• Hardware :

The Arduino Development Board consists of many components that together makes it work. Here
are some of those main component blocks that help in its functioning:
• Microcontroller: This is the heart of the development board, which works as a mini computer and can receive as well
as send information or command to the peripheral devices connected to it. The microcontroller used differs from board
to board; it also has its own various
specifications.
• External Power Supply: This power supply is used to power the Arduino development board with a regulated voltage
ranging from 9 – 12 volts.
• USB plug: This plug is a very important port in this board. It is used to upload (burn) a program to the microcontroller
using a USB cable. It also has a regulated power of 5V which also powers the Arduino board in cases when the External
Power Supply is absent.
• Internal Programmer: The developed software code can be uploaded to the microcontroller via USB port, without an
external programmer.
• Reset button: This button is present on the board and can be used to resets the Arduino microcontroller.
• Analog Pins: There are some analog input pins ranging from A0 – A7 (typical). These pins are used for the analog
input / output. The no. of analog pins also varies from board to board.
• Digital I/O Pins: There are some digital input pins also ranging from 2 to 16 (typical). These pins are used for the
digital input / output. The no. of these digital pins also varies from board to board.
• Power and GND Pins: There are pins on the development board that provide 3.3, 5 volts and
ELEMENTS OF ARDUINO BOARDS
• Software :

The program code written for Arduino is known as a sketch. The software used for developing such
sketches for an Arduino is commonly known as the Arduino IDE. This IDE contains the following
parts in it:

• Text editor: This is where the simplified code can be written using a simplified version of C++
programming language.
• Message area: It displays error and also gives a feedback on saving and exporting the code.
• Text: The console displays text output by the Arduino environment including complete error
messages and other information
• Console Toolbar: This toolbar contains various buttons like Verify, Upload, New, Open, Save
and Serial Monitor. On the bottom right hand corner of the window there displays the
Development Board and the Serial Port in use.
labled
diagram of
an
Arduino
Board and
an IDE.
 APPLICATIONS

ArduPilot

● ArduPilot is an unmanned aerial vehicle

(UAV) based on the open source platform and
built using Aruino Mega which is able to
control independent multicopters, fixed-wing
aircraft, traditional helicopters and ground
rovers.
● It was created by the DIY Drones community
in 2007 and was also an award winning
platform of 2012
 Arduino Satellite
● ArduSat is an open source satellite completely based on Arduino to create a stage for
space discoveries. Built by Spire previously known as NanoSatisfi, ArduSat collects
various types of information’s from the space environment, with the help of numerous
sensors that includes temperature sensors, pressure sensors, cameras, GPS,
spectrometer, and magnetometer etc with its programmable Arduino processors
● This platform also allows common public to experiment their projects in space. ArduSat
can be used for photography from space, making a spectrograph of the sun, detecting
high energy radiation, compiling temperature readings and observing meteors etc.
THANKS!!