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Lecture # 2 - DCCN

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16 views32 pages

Lecture # 2 - DCCN

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afnanmuh4
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Computer Data Communication

and Networks
LECTURE # 2
NETWORK MODELS
by Ali Hassan Sial
What’s a protocol?
human protocols:
“what’s the time?”
“I have a question”
introductions

… specific msgs sent


… specific actions taken when msgs received, or other events

network protocols:
machines rather than humans
all communication activity in Internet governed by protocols

2
Standard

3
Standard Organizations
Standards Creation Committee
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standards Sector (ITU-T)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Electronic Industries Association (EIA)

Forums
Regulatory Agenceis

ALI HASSAN SIAL- KIET 4


Internet Specifications /
Standard

ALI HASSAN SIAL - KIET 5


Layered Tasks
We use the concept of layers in our daily life. As an example, let us consider two
friends who communicate through postal mail. The process of sending a letter to a
friend would be complex if there were no services available from the post office.

ALI HASSAN SIAL 6


Layered Tasks
An example from the everyday life

Hierarchy?
Services

7
Why layered communication?
To reduce complexity of communication task by splitting it into several layered small tasks
Functionality of the layers can be changed as long as the service provided to the layer above
stays unchanged
◦ makes easier maintenance & updating

Each layer has its own task


Each layer has its own protocol

8
Reference Models
OSI reference model
TCP/IP

9
OSI Reference model
Open System Interconnection
7 layered Architecture

1.Create a layer when different abstraction is needed


2.Each layer performs a well define function
3.Functions of the layers chosen taking internationally standardized
protocols
4.Number of layers – large enough to avoid complexity

10
ALI HASSAN SIAL - KIET 11
Figure 3-1
OSI Model

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 3-2
OSI Layers

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 3-3
An Exchange Using the OSI Model

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


ALI HASSAN SIAL - KIET 15
Figure 3-4

Physical Layer

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


ALI HASSAN SIAL - KIET 17
Figure 3-5

Data Link Layer

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


ALI HASSAN SIAL-KIET 19
Figure 3-6

Data Link Layer Example

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 3-7

Network Layer

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


ALI HASSAN SIAL - KIET 22
Figure 3-9
Transport Layer

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


ALI HASSAN SIAL – KIET 24
Figure 3-11
Session Layer

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


ALI HASSAN SIAL - KIET 26
Figure 3-12

Presentation Layer

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


ALI HASSAN SIAL - KIET 28
Figure 3-13

Application Layer

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


ALI HASSAN SIAL – KIET 30
Figure 3-14

Summary of Layer Functions

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Thank You
Any Questions ?

AHSAN MEMON - SZABIST, HYDERABAD 32

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