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Lec 2

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9 views12 pages

Lec 2

Uploaded by

Thet Hsu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Building Java Programs

Comments
comment: A note written in source code by the
programmer to describe or clarify the code.
 Not executed when your program runs.

Syntax:
// comment text, on one line
or,
/* comment text; may span multiple lines */
Examples:
// This is a one-line comment.
/* This is a
two-line comment. */

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Using comments
Where to place comments:
 at the top of each file (a "comment header")
 at the start of every method (seen later)
 to explain complex pieces of code

Comments are useful for:


 Understanding larger, more complex programs.
 Multiple programmers working together, who must understand
each other's code.

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Comments example
/* Suzy Student, CSE142, Spring 2009
This program prints lyrics about ... something. */

public class BaWitDaBa {


public static void main(String[] args) {
// first verse
System.out.println("Bawitdaba");
System.out.println("da bang a dang diggy diggy");
System.out.println();

// second verse
System.out.println("diggy said the boogy");
System.out.println("said up jump the boogy");
}
}

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Static methods
static method: A named group of statements.
 denotes the structure of a program
class
 eliminates redundancy by code reuse
method A

statement
 procedural decomposition: 
statement
dividing a problem into methods 
statement
method B

statement
Writing a static method is like 
statement
adding a new command to Java. method C

statement

statement

statement
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Using static methods
1. Design the algorithm.
 Look at the structure, and which commands are repeated.
 Decide what are the important overall tasks.

2. Define (write down) the methods.


 Arrange statements into groups and give each group a name.

3. Call (run) the methods.


 The program's main method executes the other methods to
perform the overall task.

6
Declaring a method
Gives your method a name so it can be executed
 Syntax:
public static void name() {
statement;
statement;
...
statement;
}

 Example:
public static void printWarning() {
System.out.println("This product causes cancer");
System.out.println("in lab rats and humans.");
}

7
Calling a method
Executes the method's code
Syntax:
name();

 You can call the same method many times.

Example:
printWarning();

 Output:

This product causes cancer


in lab rats and humans.

8
Program with static method
public class RepeatIt {
public static void main(String[] args) {
rap(); // Calling (running) the rap method
System.out.println();
rap(); // Calling the rap method again
}

// This method prints the lyrics to my favorite song.


public static void rap() {
System.out.println("Now this is the story all about how");
System.out.println("My life got flipped turned upside-down");
}
}

Output:
Now this is the story all about how
My life got flipped turned upside-down

Now this is the story all about how


My life got flipped turned upside-down
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Methods calling methods
public class MethodsExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
message1();
message2();
System.out.println("Done with main.");
}
public static void message1() {
System.out.println("This is message1.");
}
public static void message2() {
System.out.println("This is message2.");
message1();
System.out.println("Done with message2.");
}
}
Output:
This is message1.
This is message2.
This is message1.
Done with message2.
Done with main. 10
Control flow
When a method is called, the program's execution...
 "jumps" into that method, executing its statements, then
 "jumps" back to the point where the method was called.

public class MethodsExample {


public static void main(String[] args) {
public static void message1() {
message1(); System.out.println("This is message1.");
}

message2(); public static void message2() {


System.out.println("This is message2.");
message1();

System.out.println("Done System.out.println("Done
with main."); with message2.");
} }

public static void message1() {


... System.out.println("This is message1.");
}
}
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When to use methods
Place statements into a static method if:
 The statements are related structurally, and/or
 The statements are repeated.

You should not create static methods for:


 An individual println statement.
 Unrelated or weakly related statements.
(Consider splitting them into two smaller methods.)

The order of methods in a class does not matter to Java


 Pick a sensible order for humans
 Example: main either at top or bottom (let’s say top)

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