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Lec 1

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3 views14 pages

Lec 1

Uploaded by

Thet Hsu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Compiling/running a program

1. Write it.
 code or source code: The set of instructions in a
program.

2. Compile it.
• compile: Translate a program from one language to
another.
 byte code: The Java compiler converts your code into
a format named byte code that runs on many computer
types.

3. Run (execute) it.


source byte output
code
output: The messages code
printed to
compile runthe user by a
program.

1
A Java program
public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, world!");
System.out.println();
System.out.println("This program produces");
System.out.println("four lines of output");
}
}

Its output:
Hello, world!

This program produces


four lines of output

2
Structure of a Java
program
class: a program
public class name {
public static void main(String[] args) {
statement;
statement; method: a named group
... of statements
statement;
}
} statement: a command to be executed

Every executable Java program consists of a class,


 that contains a method named main,
 that contains the statements (commands) to be executed

3
System.out.println
A statement that prints a line of output on the
console.
 pronounced "print-linn"
 sometimes called a "println statement" for short

Two ways to use System.out.println :

• System.out.println("text");

Prints the given message as output.

• System.out.println();

Prints a blank line of output.

4
Names and identifiers
 You must give your program a name.

public class Lecture1 {

 Naming convention: capitalize each word (e.g.


MyClassName)
 Your program's file must match exactly (Lecture1.java)
 includes capitalization (Java is "case-sensitive")

 identifier: A name given to an item in your program.


 must start with a letter or _ or $
 subsequent characters can be any of those or a number
 legal: _myName TheCure ANSWER_IS_42 $bling$
 illegal: me+u 49ers side-swipe Ph.D's
 Cannot be “keywords” (see the text)
5
Syntax
 syntax: The set of legal structures and commands
that can be used in a particular language.
 Every basic Java statement ends with a semicolon ;
 The contents of a class or method occur between
{ and }

 syntax error (compiler error): A problem in the


structure of a program that causes the compiler to
fail.
Examples:
 Missing semicolon
 Too many or too few { } braces
 Illegal identifier for class name
 Class and file names do not match
 ... 6
Syntax error example
1 public class Hello {
2 pooblic static void main(String[] args) {
3 System.owt.println("Hello, world!")_
4 }
5 }
Compiler output:
Hello.java:2: <identifier> expected
pooblic static void main(String[] args) {
^
Hello.java:3: ';' expected
}
^
2 errors

 The compiler shows the line number where it found


the error.
 The error messages can be tough to understand!

7
Strings
string: A sequence of characters to be printed.
 Starts and ends with a quote character: "
 The quotes do not appear in the output.

 Examples:

"hello"
"This is a string. It's very long!"

Restrictions:
 May not span multiple lines.
"This is not
a legal String."
 May not contain a " character.
"This is not a "legal" String either."

8
Escape sequences
escape sequence: A special sequence of characters
used to represent certain special characters in a
string.

\t tab character
\n new line character
\" quotation mark character
\\ backslash character

 Example:
System.out.println("\\hello\nhow\tare \"you\"?\\\\");

 Output:
\hello
how are "you"?\\
9
Questions
What is the output of the following println
statements?
System.out.println("\ta\tb\tc");
System.out.println("\\\\");
System.out.println("'");
System.out.println("\"\"\"");
System.out.println("C:\nin\the downward spiral");

Write a println statement to produce this output:


/ \ // \\ /// \\\

10
Answers
Output of each println statement:
a b c
\\
'
"""
C:
in he downward spiral

println statement to produce the line of output:


System.out.println("/ \\ // \\\\ /// \\\\\\");

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Questions
What println statements will generate this output?
This program prints a
quote from the Gettysburg Address.

"Four score and seven years ago,


our 'fore fathers' brought forth on
this continent a new nation."

What println statements will generate this output?


A "quoted" String is
'much' better if you learn
the rules of "escape sequences."

Also, "" represents an empty String.


Don't forget: use \" instead of " !
'' is not the same as "

12
Answers
println statements to generate the output:
System.out.println("This program prints a");
System.out.println("quote from the Gettysburg Address.");
System.out.println();
System.out.println("\"Four score and seven years ago,");
System.out.println("our 'fore fathers' brought forth on");
System.out.println("this continent a new nation.\"");

println statements to generate the output:


System.out.println("A \"quoted\" String is");
System.out.println("'much' better if you learn");
System.out.println("the rules of \"escape sequences.\"");
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Also, \"\" represents an empty String.");
System.out.println("Don't forget: use \\\" instead of \" !");
System.out.println("'' is not the same as \"");

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Some concepts
Writing your first Java program involves a lot of
details
 public static void main (String [] args) {…}
 where to put semicolons
 Escape sequences
 etc.

A couple key concepts


 Execute a sequence of commands
 Represent strings using particular rules
 Important because you might want characters literally
that mean something else in Java
 This literal vs. not distinction is common in programming

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