Scribd
Upload
5 views

1 Limits of Functions

Uploaded by

leaveitasblank0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

1 Limits of Functions

Uploaded by

leaveitasblank0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

LESSON 1:

Limits of
Functions
MATH146-0
ENGR. REGINALD VERDIDA
OBJECTIVES

●To define limits


●To illustrate limits and its
theorems
●Infinite limits
What are limits?
The concept of a “limit” is the fundamental building block
on which all calculus concepts are based.

Limits are simply the value that the function approaches


as it goes to an x value. For example, let’s examine the
behavior of the function
What are limits?
Formal Definition of Limits:

Where:
lim = limit
f(x) = function
x = x approaches the value of a
L = value of the limit
What are limits?
Example: Make a numerical evidence to make a
conjecture about the value of

Although the function has no bearing on the limit, if we


evaluate the limit as shown in the table, the
corresponding values of appear closer and closer to 2
1.1 Theorems of Limits
Before proceeding with evaluating limits, it is
important to first develop a list of theorems that
will enable us to use the limits of simple functions
as building blocks for finding limits of more
complicated functions.

Let a and k be real numbers:


1.1 Theorems of Limits
1.2 One-Sided Limits
The limit of a function is called two-sided limit if it
requires the values of to get closer and closer to a
number as the values of x are taken from either
side.

However, some functions exhibit different


behaviors on the two sides of an x-value, in
which case it is necessary to distinguish whether
values of “x” near “a” are on the left side or on the
right side of “a” for purposes of investigating
limiting behavior.
1.2 One-Sided Limits
For example, consider the function

As x approaches 0 from the right, the values of


approach a limit of 1 [in fact, the values of are
exactly 1 for all such ], and similarly, as x
approaches 0 from the left, the values of approach
a limit of -1. We denote these limits by writing
1.2 One-Sided Limits
Formal Definition of One-Sided Limits
If the values of can be made as close as we like to
by taking values of sufficiently close to (but
greater than ), then we write

If the values of can be made as close as we like to


by taking values of sufficiently close to (but less
than ), then we write
1.2 One-Sided Limits

Exercise:
Evaluate the following
1.2 One-Sided Limits
Exercise: Evaluate the following
1.3 Infinite Limits
Sometimes one-sided or two-sided limits fail to
exist because the values of the function increase
or decrease without bound.

For example, consider the behavior of for values


of near 0.
1.3 Infinite Limits
1.3 Infinite Limits

For example, consider the behavior of for values


of near 0.
1.3 Infinite Limits
1.3 Infinite Limits
In general, we say that:
1.4 Limits at Infinity
If the values of a variable increase without
bound, then we write , and if the values of
decrease without bound, then we write .

The behavior of a function as increases without


bound or decreases without bound is sometimes
called the end behavior of the function.
1.4 Limits at Infinity
For example,
1.4 Limits at Infinity
Formal definition: If the values of eventually
get as close as we like to a number as increases
without bound, then we write

If the values of eventually get as close as we like


to a number as decreases without bound,
then we write
1.4 Limits at Infinity
For example,
1.4 Limits at Infinity
Given the function illustrated below:
1.5 Asymptotes
Asymptote is a straight line that constantly
approaches a given curve but does not meet at
any infinite distance

Vertical Asymptotes
The line is a vertical asymptote of the graph of the
function if at least one of the following statement
is true
1.5 Asymptotes
Vertical Asymptotes
The line is a vertical asymptote of the graph of the
function if at least one of the following statement
is true
1.5 Asymptotes
Horizontal Asymptotes
The line is a horizontal asymptote of the graph of
the function if either
Practic
e
For the function illustrated in
the following graph, find:
END OF LESSON
LIMITS OF FUNCTIONS

You might also like