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Stat4 Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis-Testing

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8 views15 pages

Stat4 Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis-Testing

Uploaded by

teacher.kitel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hypothesis Testing

STAT4 – Statistics with Computer


Application
Hypothesis Test

A hypothesis test is a process that


uses sample statistics to test a claim
about the value of a population
parameter.
Stating a Hypothesis
A null hypothesis is a statistical
hypothesis that contains a statement of
equality such as .
An alternative hypothesis is the
complement of the null hypothesis. It is
a statement that must be true if H0 is
false and contains a statement of
inequality such as
Example:
A manufacturer claims that its
rechargeable batteries have an average
life of at least 1,000 charges.
Example:
Statesville college claims that 94% of
their graduates find employment within
six months of graduation.
Example:
There is no significant relationship
between the study habits and the exam
scores of the students.
There is a significant relationship
between the study habits and the exam
scores of the students.
No matter which hypothesis represents
the claim, always begin the hypothesis
test assuming that the null hypothesis is
true.
Type of Errors

A type I error occurs if the null


hypothesis is rejected when it is true.
A type II error occurs if the null
hypothesis is not rejected when it is
false.
Type of Errors
Actual Truth of

Decision is true is false


Do not reject Correct Type II
Decision Error
Correct
Reject Type I Error
Decision
Statistical Tests
• After stating the null and alternative
hypotheses and specifying the level of
significance, a random sample is taken
from the population and sample
statistics are calculated.
• The statistic that is compared with the
parameter in the null hypothesis is
called the test statistic.
Statistical Tests

Population Standardized
Test Statistic
Parameter Test Statistics
P – Value
If the null hypothesis is true, a P-value
(or probability value) of a hypothesis test
is the probability of obtaining a sample
statistic with a value as extreme or more
extreme than the one determined from
the sample data.
The P-value of a hypothesis test depends
on the nature of the test.
Left – tailed (One-tailed Left)
1. If the alternative hypothesis contains
the less-than inequality symbol (<),
the hypothesis test is a left-tailed test.
H0 : μ  k
P is the area to

Ha : μ < k
the left of the test
statistic.

z
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Test
statistic
Right – tailed (One-tailed
Right)
2. If the alternative hypothesis contains
the greater-than symbol (>), the
hypothesis test is a right-tailed test.
H0 : μ k P is the area to
the right of the

Ha : μ > k test statistic.

z
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Test
Right – tailed (One-tailed
Right)
3. If the alternative hypothesis contains
the not-equal-to symbol (), the
hypothesis test is a two-tailed test. In a
two-tailed test, each tail has an area of P.
P is twice the area
H0 : μ k P is twice the area
to the left of the
negative test
to the right of the
positive test
statistic.
statistic.
Ha : μ k z
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Test Test

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