MELC Based

Organ Systems of Representative Animals

LENIE AUREA G. PARUNGAO

Teacher III
Idea Format Lesson
 Content Performance
Standard: Standard:

The learners demonstrate an

understanding of The learners demonstrate The learners shall the
an understanding of
1. nutrition: getting food to cells, learners shall be able
2. . gas exchange with the environment
3. circulation: the internal transport to make a
system
4. the need for homeostasis presentation of some
5. salt and water balance and waste
removal diseases that are
6. the immune system: defense from
disease associated with the
7. how hormones govern body activities 8.
the nervous system 9. the body in various organ systems
motion
 1.Describe the general and
Most unique characteristics of
Essential the different organ
Learning systems in representative
Competencieanimals 2.Analyze and
s (MELC) appreciate the functional
relationships of the
different organ systems in
ensuring animal survival
What I
need to
know?
After going through this module, you are expected
to:
1.identify the different organ systems of
representative animals;
2. describe the characteristics of
different organ systems of
representative
animals I
What’s
in?

D
What’s
new?

I
What The human body and even
is it?
the simplest animal is made
up of several organ systems
that work as one unit. The
major organ systems of the
body work together, either
D directly or indirectly, to keep
the body
What The body is a chemical and
is it?
physical machine. As such, it
is subject to certain laws.
These are sometimes called
natural laws. Each part of the
body is engineered to do a
D particular function necessary
for everyday living.
What The Animal Organ Systems
is it?
1. Digestive System
Animal nutrition is the process of taking in,
taking apart and taking up the nutrients
from the food source. Food processing has
four main stages: Ingestion,Digestion,
Absorption, and Elimination or Egestion. In
animals with complete digestive system,

D where the entrance and exit of food and

waste are different, they have different
kind of mechanisms of ingestion depending
on their evolutionary adaptation to their
What
is it?
The Animal Organ
Systems
1. Digestive System
In other animals like cnidarians
(jellyfish, anemone, coral) where
the entrance and exit of food
D and waste is the same, the
region where this occurs is
called the gastrovascular cavity
What 2. Respiratory System
is it?
The respiratory system facilitates
breathing. In the alveoli tissue of
the lungs, the exchange of oxygen
and carbon dioxide molecules
between the air and the

D bloodstream occurs by passive

transport, so that the oxygen is
taken in and carbon dioxide and
Wha
Gas exchange is very
t is
it?

important to animals, as
they require oxygen in the
production of higher
amount of energy
Dcompared to process of
production of energy
What
is it?
2. Respiratory System
. Air as a respiratory medium- As air is
lighter and has more oxygen content
compared to the same volume of water,
ventilation is not much of a problem of
terrestrial organisms. The tracheal
system of insects- It has a branched

D network of tracheal tube which

responds to the problem of decreased
surface area in the respiratory
 3. Circulatory System
What
is it?
There are different ways in
which animals transport
substances across their
body. In animals with
D the circulatory fluid does
closed circulatory system,
 Exchange occurs
What
is it?

through diffusion via

thinner vessels
called capillaries
D across the
What 3. Circulatory System
is it? Different animals, have
adapted different
mechanisms in transport such as in fishes
where a single circulation is enough.
Compared to cnidarians, the
gastrovascular cavity of flatworms have
extensions in order to reach areas of the
body far from the axis. Without these
D extensions of the gastrovascular cavity,
diffusion might not be enough in the
transport of substances.
What
is it? 3.
Circulatory System
Amphibian double circulation
differs from mammalian,
crocodilian and avian as blood is
mixed. The presence of one
ventricle does not prevent the
D mixing of blood, unlike in the four-
chambered heart of a mammal,
crocodilian and an avian where
What
is it?
3.
Circulatory System
. Mixing of blood does not have
major implication on amphibians as:
1) They have low metabolic rate,
thus, less need for energy.
2) They have the ability to respire
through their skin, thus not needing
D to fully oxygenate the blood through
the lungs.
Wha4. Urinary System
t is
it?
In
order to remove wastes, animals have the
excretory system, which enables it to remove
excess salt or water in the body. Waste removal
follows the following processes,
1.) Filtration- the mass movement of water
and solutes from plasma to the renal tubule
that occurs in the renal corpuscles.
2.) Reabsorption- the movement of water and

D solutes from tubule back into the plasma.

3.) Secretion- the continuous secretion of
additional substances into the tubular fluid, and
What
is it?
4. Urinary System
Organisms have different wastes in the form
of nitrogenous wastes which they need to
excrete. Different organisms have different
excretory systems, such as the
protonephridia of flatworms where a network
of dead-end tubules lacking internal
openings, metanephridia of annelids which

D
consist of ciliated funnel opening into the
body cavity connected to a duct which may
be variously glandularised, folded or
expanded and which typically opens to the
What
is it? , malpighian tubules of insects,
any of the excretory organs that
lie in the abdominal body cavity
and empty into the junction
between midgut and hindgut
and the nephrons of humans and
D mammals which actually removing waste
and excess substances from the blood
through urination .
What
is it?
5. Immune System
The immune system is a complex
network of cells and protein that
defends the body against infection. It
defends the internal environment from
invading microorganisms and viruses, as
well as cancerous cell growth. The
immune system provides cells that aid
D in protection of the body from disease
via antigen/antibody response. A variety
of general responses are also part of this
What
is it? 6. Endocrine System
The integral parts of the
endocrine system include
the hypothalamus, pituitary
gland, pineal body, thyroid
and parathyroid gland,
D thymus, adrenal glands,
pancreas and ovary that
What
is it? Hormones are substances
which can cause a reaction to
a cell, in Greek it literally
means to excite. It is
secreted into extracellular
fluid such in blood or lymph
D and transported to target cells
to elicit a specific response,
What
is it? 6. Endocrine System
The growth and development of the
body are examples of slow and long-
term effect of a hormone while circadian
rhythm which is responsible for the
sleep and-wake cycles respond to a
more rapid response to a hormone. In an
endocrine pathway, the reaction
D involves an endocrine cell, which
releases the hormone to the
Wha
t is
it?
7. Nervous System
The central nervous system is
composed of the brain and spinal
cord, while the peripheral nervous
system is composed of
corresponding structures outside of
these two organs of the nervous
D system. The central nervous system
is responsible for data/information
processing which is gathered by the
What 7. Nervous System
is it? Upon processing,
the CNS transmit the
message again to the PNS, which then
convey the message for the appropriate
response. The nervous system has evolved
in increasing complexity throughout the
different groups of animals. Connections
among the neurons has increased, as seen
in the development of the nervous system
D from a simple nerve net to a system with
ganglia (group of neuron) to encephalized
organisms where concentration of neurons
What 8. Muscular System
is it?
The muscular system is an organ system
consisting of skeletal muscles which are
composed of muscle cells called the muscle
fiber, the cardiac muscle or the heart
muscle with involuntary kind of movement,
and the smooth muscle which is
controlled directly by the autonomic

D
nervous system. The skeletal muscle is
organized from its largest structure (the
muscle tissue itself) to its functional unit
(the sarcomere) as a repeating longitudinal
Wh
at is 8. Muscular System
it?
Contraction is possible because of the
structural organization of protein molecules
that makes up the sarcomere. When
contraction occurs, the sarcomere shortens,
and this is reflected in the contraction of a
muscle (tell the students to flex their biceps
and ask them if their muscle shortened). In

D
terms of the molecular and physiological
process of contraction, nerve impulse
transmission is needed to
depolarize the cell membrane of the muscle
Wha
t is
it? 9. Skeletal System
It provides support and protection,
and attachment points for muscles.
The skeletal system provides rigid
framework for movement. It supports
and protects the body and its parts,
produces blood cells, and stores

D minerals. A clam’s shell is an example of

an exoskeleton and the bones and
cartilage in a human is an example of
What
is it?
9.
Skeletal System
. An endoskeleton should not be
misconceived to be only made up of
bones, as even in humans, our skeletons
are made up of cartilage and bones,
while shark’s endoskeleton is made up of
cartilage. We have different bones which
our muscles can pull to create
D movement, and the different types of
joints are responsible for different
What’s
more? Answer the following questions based on
the reading passage. Don’t forget to
go back to the passage whenever
necessary to find or confirm your
answers.
1) Which statement supports the fact that bone
cells are smaller than bone tissue?
2) What is an organ? Give an example of an

E organ.
3) Which organ system do you think is the
most interesting? Why?
What I
can
You have probably heard the saying
do? “no man is an island,” This
saying means that each person
depends on others for many
reasons. Inside the human body,
this is also true. When you look at
an object, what organ systems are
E making your action possible? Make
a list of the organ systems involved
 What
other
enrichment
activities
can I
REFLECTION: What
are your thoughts
engage
in?

about your place in

the environment?
E
 Directions: Indicate which organ system will be primarily used in the following
What I situation. Write the beginning letter of correct organ system on the blank. M muscular
have system D digestive system C circulatory system S skeletal system R respiratory system
learned?
N nervous system U urinary system I immune system E endocrine
_____1. Prepare for a 5km run and eat lots of carbohydrates like rice to give you more
energy.
_____2. You lift your feet and move your legs as fast as you can.
_____3. But you have to go to the bathroom because you drank too much water before the run.
_____4. Your breathing is getting faster and faster.
_____5. The heart is pumping fast as you sprint for the final 1km.
_____6. You enjoy attending the Zumba activities
_____7. Your body temperature increase because of the virus
_____8. The class play “pass the message.”

A _____9. You can move your arms in a full range of motion.

_____10. Female tends to have a mood swing during the period.
R REFLECTION:
The learners, in their notebook, journal or
portfolio will write their personal insights about the
lesson using the prompts below.
I understand that_______________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
______________________________________.
I realize that
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
_________________________________.
•Immunoglobulin A (IgA): It's found in the linings of the respiratory tract and
digestive system, as well as in saliva (spit), tears, and breast milk.
•Immunoglobulin G (IgG): This is the most common antibody. It's in blood
and other body fluids, and protects against bacterial and viral infections. IgG
can take time to form after an infection or immunization.
•Immunoglobulin M (IgM): Found mainly in blood and lymph fluid, this is the
first antibody the body makes when it fights a new infection.
•Immunoglobulin E (IgE): Normally found in small amounts in the blood.
There may be higher amounts when the body overreacts to allergens or is
fighting an infection from a parasite.
•Immunoglobulin D (IgD): This is the least understood antibody, with only
small amounts in the blood.
https://givefastlink.com/#url=https://
www.youtube.com/watch?
v=HvajSsrVk3Y
t is called a double circulatory system because blood
passes through the heart twice per circuit. The right
pump sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it
becomes oxygenated and returns back to the heart. The
left pump sends the newly oxygenated blood around the
body.
•Open circulatory system: It
is primarily found in invertebrates.
Here, the blood flows freely through
cavities since there are no vessels to
conduct the blood.
•Closed circulatory system: It is
found in vertebrates and a few
invertebrates, like earthworms. This
system has vessels that conduct blood
throughout the body.