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Challenged Children and Implication

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Renuga Suresh
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54 views51 pages

Challenged Children and Implication

Uploaded by

Renuga Suresh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Seminar on

challenged child
and implication for
nursing
Presented by;
Ms. Haripriya.m
m.Sc (n)- ii year,
Introduction
 A challenged condition makes the normal
functions of the individual very difficult and
leads to dependency. Theses conditions are
increasing day by day due to changing life
style and complicated environment.
 Handicapped child is one who deviates from
normal health status either physically,
mentally or socially and requires special care,
treatment and education.
Definition
 The sequence of events leading to disability
and handicapped conditions such as injury
or disease, impairment, disability and
handicap.
- WHO
CLASSIFICATION OF
HANDICAPPED CHILDREN

Physically handicapped

Mentally handicapped

Social handicapped
Physically handicapped
1. Blind
2. Deaf
3. Dump
4. Crippled child (Orthopedically
handicapped)
1.Blindness

 The inability to count fingers in day light


from a distance of 3 meters is defined as
blindness.
- WHO
Problem faced by blind
child
 Problem of attachment
 Unable to use hand as organ of perception
 Dependence on parents and caregiver
 Behavioral problems
 Less social interaction
 Less playing activity
Management
 Physiotherapy
 Orientation and mobility instructors
 Mobility aid and guides
 Surgical intervention (Trabeculectomy)
can be performed in case of primary
congenital glaucoma
 BRAILLE technology
Prevention of blindness
 Provide good antenatal care
 Immunization- meseals, rubella
 Genetic counseling and screening
 Prevent infection
 Prevent preterm birth
 Provide excellent neonatal care
 Vitamin A supplementation
Cont.,
 Health education about eye safety, personal
hygiene and nutrition for health promotion
 Treatment of causes of childhood blidness
like retinopathy of prematurity
(ROP),cataract, glaucoma
2. Deafness
 A person who is not able to hear as well
as someone with normal hearing
 It can affect one ear or both ears, and leads
to difficulty in hearing conversation speech
or loud sounds
Levels of hearing
impairement
Impact of hearing loss

Functional impact

Poor Academic Performance

Social and emotional impact

Economic impact
Management
 Sign language
 Hearing devices – hearing aids, assistive
listening devices and cochlea implants
 Lip reading skills
 Speech therapy
 Use of written or printed text
3.Dump (Speech
handicapped)
 It means an impairment or sound
production, fluency, voice or language
which significantly affects a child's
educational performance or their social,
emotional or vocational development
Types of speech
impairment
1. Articulation disorder
2. Fluency disorder
3. Voice disorder
4. Aphonia
5. Language disorder
Impact of speech
impairment
 Poor communication skill
 Less social interactions
 Behavioral problem- children may feel
shame, embarrassment, frustration, anger
and depression as a result of speech
impairment
 Poor academic performance
Management
 Early identification of speech impairment
 Elimination of hearing impairment
 Psychological counseling
 Voice or speech therapy
 Physical therapy
 Avoid making fun of their voice or speech
 Cognitive rehabilitation
4. Orthopedically
handicapped
 Orthopedic disability occur when
movements in over body are affected due to
disease, injury and absence or deformities
in the joints, bones, muscles or an injury in
nervous system
Management
 Correction of deformities
 physical therapy
 Occupational therapy
 Massage therapy
 Prosthetics
 Devices for positioning and mobility
Devices for positioning and
mobility
 Canes
 Walkers
 Crutches
 Wheelchairs
 Specialized exercise
 Equipment
 Specialized chairs, desks and tables for proper
posture development
Mental handicapped
 A mental handicap is an impairment in an
individuals ability to function cognitively,
emotionally or physically due to the
presence of a psychiatric condition.
 This condition hinders someone's ability to
perform a task or prevents that person from
engaging in an activity without assistance.
 Mentally handicapped children includes
 Mental retardation
 cerebral palsy
Mental retardation
 It defined as significantly sub average
general intellectual functioning, resulting in
association with concurrent impairment in
adaptive behavior, which manifests during
the developmental period.
Effect on children
 Failure to achieve developmental milestone
 deficiencies in cognitive functioning such
as inability to learn or to meet academic
demands
 Expressive or receptive language problems
 Neurologic impairment
 Lack of curiosity
Mental Retardation -
Assessment
 Psychological testing performed by an experienced
psychologist is essential in diagnosis of MR
 Psychological Evaluation
 Significant controversy about correlation between

developmental quotients based on tests administered


to infants/toddlers and intelligence quotients later in
life
 Must administer :

 Standardized Intelligence Tests (WISC-III, SB-IV)


 Standardized Adaptive Measures (Vineland, SIB-R)
Management
 Special Education Services for Child/Adolescent
 Adaptive Skills Training
 Social Skills Training
 Vocational Training
 Group Therapy - Practice managing hypothetical real-
life problems while receiving supportive feedback
 Behavioural and Cognitive Therapy
◦ Positive reinforcement for desired behaviours and

punishment for objectionable behaviours


◦ Relaxation exercises with self-instruction
Family Education
◦ Education about methods to enhance child’s
competence and self-esteem while
maintaining realistic expectations
◦ Education regarding balance between
fostering independence and providing a
supportive environment
◦ Encourage family members participation in
psychotherapy
 Express guilt, despair, anger, frustration
◦ Provide family members with basic and
current medical information regarding causes
and treatment of mental retardation
Cerebral palsy
 It is a disability that affects ability to control
muscles caused by damage to the brain
while the brain is developing
Effects of Cerebral palsy
 Abnormal muscle tone
 Abnormal movements
 Skeletal deformities
 Seizure
 speech problem
 vision problem
3. Socially challenged children

 A socially handicapped children may be


defined as a child whose opportunity for a
healthy personality development and full
unfolding of potentialities are hampered
certain elements in his social environment
such as parental inadequacy, environmental
deprivation
Socially challenged
children
Categories of Socially
challenged children
 Orphan child – an orphan children is a child
permanently bereaved of or abandoned his or
her parents
Problems associated with
orphans
 Personality problem
 Bed wedding
 Eating disturbance
 Depression
 Drug addiction
 Alcoholism
 Neglected child – child neglect is an
ongoing failure to provide the right care and
attention to a child's needs, including food
and a safety environment, or to a child's
emotional needs including warmth, security
and love
TYPES OF CHILD NEGLECT
MANAGEMENT
For Parents

Treatment for
Substance abuse.

Depression or other mental

health problems.
Low self-esteem

Violent behavior

Realize responsibility regarding child

Educating and helping parents to correct their erroneous

thinking and behavior or parenting skill


For Child
 Child-centered interventions include
 pediatric care, mentoring
 Behavioral and mental health treatment.
 Provide stimulation programme to
emotionally neglected child
 Develop timely and comprehensive
assessments or placed in foster home
PREVENTION
OF
HANDICAP IN
CHILDREN
 Primary Prevention

 Secondary Prevention
REHABILITATION OF HANDICAP
CHILDREN

Medical rehabilitation

Social rehabilitation

Educational rehabilitation

Psychological rehabilitation

Vocational rehabilitation
WELFARE OF
HANDICAPPED
CHILDREN
WELFARE OF HANDICAPPED
CHILDREN
 Persons with disabilities bill (equal opportunity,

protection of right and full participation)- 1995,


introduced by ministry of welfare and Govt of India
and it deal with preventive and promotional aspect
of rehabilitation
 Children Act,1960 - provide for the care
protection, maintenance, welfare, education, and
rehabilitation of socially handicapped children.
SCHEMES FOR HANDICAPPED CHILDREN

 Deendhyal disabled rehabilitation scheme

 Assistance to disabled person to purchase or fitting


of aids and appliance
 National handicapped finance and development
cooperation
 Scheme for implementation of person with
disabilities act 1995(SIPDA)
 Scheme for incentive to employees in the private

sector for providing employment to person with


S I N G
NUR
N T O F
GE M E
M A N A
P P ED
D I C A
HAN
D R E N
CH I L
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF
HANDICAPPED CHILDREN
Ineffective family coping and altered
parenting related to handicapped condition
Anxiety of parents and family members
Altered nutrition less than body requirement
Potential for infection
Self care deficient
Communication impaired
Physical mobility impaired
Impaired elimination pattern

Activity intolerance

Altered sleep pattern

Sensory alteration, visual/ auditory

Altered growth and development

Diversional activity deficit

Knowledge deficit to continued care of


handicapped children

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