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Sampling Techniques A Deep Dive

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5 views10 pages

Sampling Techniques A Deep Dive

Uploaded by

umairayesha659
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sampling Techniques: A

Deep Dive
Welcome! Today, we'll explore the world of sampling techniques,
their classification, and their advantages and limitations.
Understanding sampling is crucial for conducting accurate research
and drawing valid conclusions.

by Ayesha Umair
Understanding Sampling Techniques
Why Sampling? Types of Sampling

Sampling allows researchers to collect data from a Sampling techniques are broadly classified into two
smaller subset of a population, representing the overall main categories: probability sampling and non-
characteristics of the entire group. probability sampling.
Probability Sampling
Techniques
1 1. Simple Random 2 2. Stratified
Sampling Sampling
Every member of the Population is divided into
population has an equal subgroups (strata) and a
chance of being selected. random sample is taken
from each stratum.

3 3. Cluster Sampling 4 4. Systematic


Sampling
Population is divided into
clusters, and a random Items are selected from a
sample of clusters is list at a predetermined
selected. interval.
Non-Probability Sampling
Techniques
Judgemental Sampling Quota Sampling
The researcher sets a quota
The researcher selects for each subgroup and
participants based on their selects participants until the
knowledge or expertise in a quotas are met.
specific area.

Snowball Sampling Convenience Sampling


The researcher starts with a
small group of participants The researcher selects
and asks them to refer participants who are readily
others who fit the criteria. available or easy to contact.
Judgemental Sampling:
Experts' Insights
Judgemental sampling relies on expert opinions and knowledge.
Researchers select participants who are considered highly
informed or knowledgeable in a specific field or area of study. This
technique is often used in qualitative research, such as interviews
or focus groups, where the researcher aims to gather in-depth
perspectives from experts. For example, a researcher studying the
impact of social media on mental health might choose to interview
leading psychologists or mental health professionals known for
their research in this area.
Quota Sampling: Ensuring
Representation
Quota sampling aims to ensure that different subgroups within a
population are adequately represented in the sample. The
researcher sets specific quotas for each subgroup based on
characteristics such as age, gender, race, or socioeconomic status.
Participants are then selected until the quotas for each subgroup
are met. For example, a researcher conducting a survey on
consumer preferences for a new product might set quotas based
on age groups and gender to ensure that the sample reflects the
overall demographics of the target market.
Snowball Sampling: Connecting the Dots
Snowball sampling relies on referrals from existing participants. The researcher starts with a small group of
individuals who meet the study's criteria and then asks them to recommend other individuals who fit the same
profile. This technique is particularly useful when studying hidden or hard-to-reach populations, such as homeless
individuals, drug users, or members of a particular subculture. For example, a researcher studying the experiences
of undocumented immigrants in a city might start with a few individuals and then ask them to refer other
undocumented immigrants they know.
Convenience Sampling:
Easy Access
Convenience sampling involves selecting participants who are
readily available or easy to contact. The researcher might recruit
participants from a specific location, such as a university campus
or a shopping mall, or simply ask their friends or colleagues to
participate. This technique is often used in pilot studies or
exploratory research, where the goal is to gather preliminary data
or test a research instrument before conducting a larger study.
Examples of Sampling in
Action

Market Research Public Opinion Polls


Companies use sampling to gather News organizations and polling firms
data on consumer preferences, use sampling to gauge public opinion
market trends, and product demand. on political issues, social attitudes,
and election outcomes.

Clinical Trials Social Science Studies


Medical researchers use sampling to Social scientists use sampling to
recruit participants for clinical trials gather data on human behavior,
to evaluate the efficacy and safety of social interactions, and cultural
new drugs and treatments. patterns.
Key Takeaways:
Navigating the Sampling
Landscape
Choosing the right sampling technique is crucial for conducting
accurate and meaningful research. Probability sampling offers
greater generalizability, while non-probability sampling allows for
more targeted and in-depth investigation. Consider your research
objectives, resource limitations, and the characteristics of your
target population when selecting a sampling approach.

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