University Institute of Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

& ENGINEERING
Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)
Subject Name : Computer Vision
Subject Code: 21CSH/ITH-422
Topic: Lecture-3.3.1
Lecture- Boundary Description

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 Syllabus
•UNIT-3: Image Segmentation, Representation and Description

•CHAPTER-5: Image Segmentation:

•Point, Line and Edge Detection, Thresholding, Edge and Boundary linking, Region Based
Segmentation

• CHAPTER-6: Image Representation & Descriptions:

• Boundary representations, Region Representations, Boundary Descriptors, Regional
Descriptors.

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 Boundary Representation
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

• Models are a more explicit representation than CSG.

• The object is represented by a complicated data structure giving information about
each of the object’s faces, edges and vertices and how they are joined together.
• Appears to be more natural representation for vision since surface information is
readilty available.
•
• The description of the object can be into two parts:
 Boundary Representation
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

• Topology
---records the connectivity of the faces, edges and vertices by means of pointers in
the data structure.

• Geometry

---describes the exact shape and position of each of the edges, faces and vertices.
 Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

Fig. 3.2.1 Faces, edge & Vertices

Boundary Representation
 Boundary Representation
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

• In computer science, the representation of an image can take many forms. Most of
the time, it refers to the way that the conveyed information, such as color, is coded
digitally and how the image is stored, i.e., how is structured an image file. Several
open or patented standards were proposed to create, manipulate store and
exchange digital images. They describe the format of image files, the algorithms
of image encoding such as compression as well as the format of additional
information often called metadata. Differently, the visual content of the image can
also take part in its representation. This more recent concept has provided new
approaches of representation and new standards, gathered together into the
discipline named content-based image indexing.
 Chain Code
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

• A chain code is a lossless image representation algorithm for binary images. The
basic principle of chain codes is to separately encode each connected component
in the image. For each such region, the points on the boundary are traced and
the coordinates of the boundary points are recorded. The critical point features
represent three types of stroke shape features. The changes in the direction of the
strokes are calculated at each local boundary point by tracing the boundary of a
stroke. The change of direction at each point is estimated by measuring the angle
between the incoming direction and the outgoing direction.
 Chain Code
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

• The incoming direction and outgoing direction are estimated by using the three
directly connected neighboring boundary points before and after the current point.
A significant change in direction at a boundary point is determined by
thresholding on the change of direction (angle) at the point. Significant left (end
critical point) and right (curvature critical point) turning points in the word image
are identified. These two types of points are labelled as critical points. The actual
computation of these points often results in small clusters of critical points each
made of several consecutive boundary points . The third type of critical points is
the boundary points on small connected components, which are mostly the
diacritic marks in Arabic characters.
 References
• Books and Journals
• Gonzalez and Woods: Digital Image Processing ISDN 0-201-600- 781, Addison Wesley 1992.
• Forsyth and Ponce: Computer Vision A Modern Approach Pearson Education Latest Edition.

• Video Link-
• https://youtu.be/skenX9sxRAg
• Web Link-
• Weblink (Tutorialspoint)

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