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yield - IGCSE

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yield - IGCSE

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Yield

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Introduction to yield and atom economy

How do manufacturers make sure they


don’t waste chemicals?

All manufacturers want reactions to be


as efficient as possible. They don’t want
to waste resources or energy, and they want
to make as much product as possible.

The yield of a reaction is the mass


of product obtained in a reaction.
To work out how efficient reactions are,
scientists use yield and atom economy.

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What are the different types of yield?

The percentage yield of a chemical reaction shows


how much product was actually made compared with
the amount of product that was expected.

To calculate the percentage yield, you need to work out


the theoretical yield and the actual yield.

The theoretical yield is the maximum mass of product


expected from the reaction, using reacting masses.

The actual yield is the mass of the product that is


actually obtained from the real chemical reaction.

Why is the actual yield usually less than the theoretical yield?

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What factors affect the actual yield?

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How is percentage yield calculated?

The percentage yield of a reaction is


the actual yield written as a percentage
of the theoretical yield.

The equation for working out the percentage yield is:


actual yield
percentage yield = × 100
theoretical yield
The percentage yield is always less than 100%.
Why is the percentage yield never 100%?
What does it mean if the percentage yield of a reaction is 0%?

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Calculating percentage yield – example

I reacted copper sulphate solution


with some iron. Using reacting masses,
I worked out that the theoretical yield of the
reaction was 50 grams of copper.

I lost some copper when I filtered the solution


and ended up with 40 grams.
What is the percentage yield of my reaction?

actual yield
percentage yield = ×
theoretical yield
100
40 g
percentage yield = × 100 = 80%
50 g
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Calculating percentage yield

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Yield – true or false?

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Glossary

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Multiple-choice quiz

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