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Session-4-Introduction to ML

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Session-4-Introduction to ML

Uploaded by

Sushil Azad
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© © All Rights Reserved
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AI & ML Section D

Lecture-1

Prof. Sushil Kumar Azad

School of Engineering & Technology


K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram (Haryana)
Introduction to Machine Learning

A subset of artificial intelligence known as machine learning focuses primarily on the creation of algorithms that
enable a computer to independently learn from data and previous experiences. Arthur Samuel first used the term
"machine learning" in 1959. It could be summarized as follows:

Without being explicitly programmed, machine learning enables a machine to automatically learn from data,
improve performance from experiences, and predict things.

Machine learning algorithms create a mathematical model that, without being explicitly programmed, aids in
making predictions or decisions with the assistance of sample historical data, or training data. For the purpose of
developing predictive models, machine learning brings together statistics and computer science. Algorithms that
learn from historical data are either constructed or utilized in machine learning. The performance will rise in
proportion to the quantity of information we provide.
A machine can learn if it can gain more data to improve its performance.

School of Engineering & Technology


K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram (Haryana)
How does Machine Learning work

A machine learning system builds prediction models, learns from previous data, and predicts the output of new data
whenever it receives it. The amount of data helps to build a better model that accurately predicts the output, which in
turn affects the accuracy of the predicted output.

Let's say we have a complex problem in which we need to make predictions. Instead of writing code, we just need to
feed the data to generic algorithms, which build the logic based on the data and predict the output. Our perspective on
the issue has changed as a result of machine learning. The Machine Learning algorithm's operation is depicted in the
following block diagram

School of Engineering & Technology


K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram (Haryana)
Features of Machine Learning:
• o Machine learning uses data to detect various patterns in a given
dataset.
• o It can learn from past data and improve automatically.
• o It is a data-driven technology.
• o Machine learning is much similar to data mining as it also deals with
the huge amount of the data.

School of Engineering & Technology


K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram (Haryana)
Need for Machine Learning

The demand for machine learning is steadily rising. Because it is able to perform tasks that are too complex for a
person to directly implement, machine learning is required.

Humans are constrained by our inability to manually access vast amounts of data; as a result, we require computer
systems, which is where machine learning comes in to simplify our lives. By providing them with a large amount of
data and allowing them to automatically explore the data, build models, and predict the required output, we can train
machine learning algorithms.

The cost function can be used to determine the amount of data and the machine learning algorithm's performance.
We can save both time and money by using machine learning. The significance of AI can be handily perceived by its
utilization's cases, Presently, AI is utilized in self-driving vehicles, digital misrepresentation identification, face
acknowledgment, and companion idea by Facebook, and so on. Different top organizations, for example, Netflix and
Amazon have constructed AI models that are utilizing an immense measure of information to examine the client
interest and suggest item likewise.

School of Engineering & Technology


K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram (Haryana)
Following are some key points which show the importance of Machine
Learning:

o Rapid increment in the production of data


o Solving complex problems, which are difficult for a human
o Decision making in various sector including finance
o Finding hidden patterns and extracting useful information from data.

School of Engineering & Technology


K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram (Haryana)
Classification of Machine Learning At a broad level, machine learning can be
classified into three types:
1. Supervised learning
2. Semi-supervised
3. Unsupervised learning
4. Reinforcement learning
1) Supervised Learning

In supervised learning, sample labeled data are provided to the machine learning system for training,
and the system then predicts the output based on the training data.

The system uses labeled data to build a model that understands the datasets and learns about each
one. After the training and processing are done, we test the model with sample data to see if it can
accurately predict the output. The mapping of the input data to the output data is the objective of
supervised learning.

The managed learning depends on oversight, and it is equivalent to when an understudy learns things
in the management of the educator. Spam filtering is an example of supervised learning.

Supervised learning can be grouped further in two categories of algorithms:


o Classification
o Regression
> hist(a)

2) Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a learning method in which a machine learns without


any supervision. The training is provided to the machine with the set of data that
has not been labeled, classified, or categorized, and the algorithm needs to act on
that data without any supervision.

The goal of unsupervised learning is to restructure the input data into new
features or a group of objects with similar patterns.

In unsupervised learning, we don't have a predetermined result. The machine


tries to find useful insights from the huge amount of data. It can be further
classifieds into two categories of algorithms:

o Clustering
o Association
3) Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning is a feedback-based learning method, in which a learning


agent gets a reward for each right action and gets a penalty for each wrong action.
The agent learns automatically with these feedbacks and improves its performance.

In reinforcement learning, the agent interacts with the environment and explores it.
The goal of an agent is to get the most reward points, and hence, it improves its
performance. The robotic dog, which automatically learns the movement of his arms,
is an example of Reinforcement learning.

School of Engineering & Technology


K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram (Haryana)
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