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Module 3

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Adrienne Alemania
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30 views13 pages

Module 3

Uploaded by

Adrienne Alemania
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEARNING TARGETS:

1.I can collects data through observation and interview


2.I can infers and explain patterns and themes from data
3.I can relate the findings with pertinent literature
Finding Answers Through Data Collection

LESSON 1: The Observation


Method
Observation involves the use of our sensory systems (including eyes and ears) to
record behavior. These measures are the basic data used to describe naturally
occurring behavior or to assess the effects of our independent research variable.
Therefore, they must be gathered with care. Observations such as these (judgments
that behavior has or has not occurred) are inherently more subjective than other data
collection procedures. Because judgments are based on our perceptions, the same
event occurring in the environment will be perceived differently by different people
(Lammers& Badea,2013)
Finding Answers Through Data Collection
LESSON 1: The Observation
Method

Steps in the Process of Observing (Creswell, 2007)


1. Select the research site.
-This refers to the site where you can best understand your central
phenomenon or topic being studied. Gaining access through letter of
consent is a prerequisite first step that a researcher must do.

2. Develop observational protocol.


-The observational protocol is a method used for recording
observation notes. It includes both ―descriptive‖ or those about what
happened and ―reflective‖ or learning based on what have been
observed.
Steps in the Process of Observing (Creswell,
2007)

3. Focus the observation.


-Before writing any notes, think of what
catches your attention. There will be a lot in the site,
but focus your observation only on what will help
you understand your research question.

4. Determine your role.


-What will you be as a researcher? Will you be
a participant observer or non-participant observer?
Steps in the Process of Observing (Creswell,
2007)

5. Record field notes.


-Using the Observation Protocol, record what
you observe using your five senses. The
observation should be arranged chronologically or in
order.

6. Slowly withdraw.
-After observation, slowly withdraw by
thanking the participants for their time.
Steps in the Process of Observing (Creswell,
2007)
LESSON 2:INTERVIEW
METHOD

Interviewing is one method by which


qualitative data can be gathered.
Although it may be less formal than
quantitative, it is important to design a
systematic interview technique as
well as carefully validated data.
LESSON 2:INTERVIEW
METHOD

Steps in Conducting an Interview (Denzin 2013; Bernard2013; Rubin 2012)

Step 1: Getting to Know Each Other


• The interview starts from the time you, he interviewer, and your
respondents see each other at the place of interview, that is, if this is a traditional
interview.
• Naturally, seeing each other for the first time, your tendency would be to
talk with each other to establish friendship and a relaxed mood for both of you.

Step 2: Having an Idea of the Research


• This second step requires you to tell the respondents about the nature of
the interview—its purpose, importance, scope, and so on. Telling them of these
salient features of the activity enables them to anticipate not only the kind of
questions they will get to face, but also the appropriate answers they will give.
LESSON 2:INTERVIEW
METHOD

Step 3: Starting the Interview


• You open this step with a question to encourage the
respondent to talk about himself or herself, including his or her
age, family, current activities, and other things you think
appear special or interesting to him or her.
• Following these self-introduction questions are
questions on the subject’s thoughts, attitudes, or performance
of his or her job or any current work assignment.
• The respondent’s answers do not only help you get
some clues on his or her ways or techniques of responding to
interview questions, but also give you hints on the right ways
to ask your subjects the questions that will elicit the right data
for your research
LESSON 2:INTERVIEW
METHOD

Step 4: Conducting the Interview Proper


• Interview questions in this step are on the
interviewee’s open and extensive talking of things
related to the research theme or research questions
and on those anticipated by him/her or emanating
from his/her explanations, descriptions, or narrations
of things. Open or unstructured questions asked in
this step of the interview aim at investigating the
questions.
LESSON 2:INTERVIEW
METHOD

Step 5: Putting an End to the Interview


• Signs of the approaching end of the interview work to alert
the respondent in winding up with his or her talking.
• This step also reminds you of your responsibility to let the
respondent be free in airing whatever doubts or questions he or she
has about the research design, method, interview time, and other
aspects of the interview.

Step 6: Pondering Over Interview Afterthoughts


• This last step of the interview gives the respondent the
opportunity to ask questions about the interview activity and let him
or her have an idea about what will happen next to the interview
results.
LESSON 2:INTERVIEW
METHOD
Parts of an Interview Protocol (Creswell, 2007)

1. Basic Information about the Interview.


-It includes the time and date of the interview,
where the interview takes place, and who the
participants to be interviewed are.

2. Introduction.
-This provides instructions to the interviewer
which will serve as his/her guide in conducting the
session. It is a prerequisite that the interviewer
introduce himself/herself including the objectives of the
research.
LESSON 2:INTERVIEW
METHOD
Parts of an Interview Protocol (Creswell, 2007)
3. Opening Question.
-This is about getting to know participants so they
will feel at ease. Questions related to their work or
activities are good opening questions. Very personal
questions must be avoided.

4. Content Questions
-These are sub-questions based on the central
phenomenon being studied.

5. Closing Instructions
-Thank the interviewee of his/her time

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