Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BARILI CAMPUS
Barili, Cebu, Philippines
1st Semester, AY 2024 – 2025
Department of Industrial and Communications Technology

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Concepts

Prepared by:
JUNE CLIFFORD L. CUBAR
PART TIME INSTRUCTOR
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
 AGENDA 1
 Introduction : History, OOP,
Objects, Classes
 OOP Basic concepts:
Encapsulation, Inheritance,
Abstraction and Polymorphism

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

 Why do we need OOP? 2
 OOP was developed because
limitations were discovered in
earlier approaches to
programming.

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

Computer Programming 3
 An Algorithm is a step-by-step
process.
 A Computer Program is a step-
by-step set of instructions for
a computer.
 Every computer program is an
algorithm.
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
Programming Languages 4
• Programming languages allows
programmers to develop software.
• The three major families of
languages are:
1. Machine language
2. Assembly language
3. High-level language
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
 Machine language 4.1
• Comprised of 1s and 0s.
• The “native language” of a
computer.

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

 Assembly language 4.2
• Are comprised of a set o
elemental commands which are
tied to specific processor.
• It needs to be translated to
machine language before the
computer processes it. Assembler
will translate to machine
language.
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
High-level language (HL) 4.3
• High-level languages represents a
giant leap towards easier
programming.
• Some syntax of high-level
language is similar to English.
• HL divided into 2 groups:
1. Procedure-Oriented Programming
(POP)
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
 Procedure-Oriented 4.3.1
Programming
• Are characterized by sequential
sets of linear commands. The
focus of such language is on
structure.
• Example include: C, COBOL,
Fortran, Perl and Pascal.

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

 Procedure-Oriented 4.3.1
Programming
• Each statement in the language
tells the computer to d
something:
- get some input
- add these numbers
-display that output.
• A program in a procedural
language is a list of instructions.
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
 Procedure-Oriented 4.3.1
Programming
 Division into functions:
 Procedural program is divided
into functions.
 Each functions has clearly
defined purpose.

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

Procedure-Oriented 4.3.1
Programming

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

 Procedure-Oriented 4.3.1
Programming
 In Multi-function program
important data items are place as
global so that they may be
accessed by all functions.

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

 Procedure-Oriented 4.3.1
Programming
 Drawbacks:
 We can access the data of one
function from other since there
is no protection.
 If new data is to be added, all
the function needed to be
modified to access the data.
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
 Procedure-Oriented 4.3.1
Programming
 Drawbacks:
 In large program it is very
difficult to identify what data is
used by which function.
 Does not model real world
problem very well.

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

 Procedure-Oriented 4.3.1
Programming
 Characteristics:
 Large program are divided into
smaller programs known as
function.
 Most of the function share
global data.
 Data openly around the system
from function to function.
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
 Object-Oriented 4.3.2
Programming
 OOP introduced to overcome flaws
in the procedural approach to
programming.
 OOP focus on modeling data not
on structure.
 Programmers code using
“blueprints” of data models
called classes.
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
 OBJECT-ORIENTED
PROGRAMMING

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

 OOP Characteristics 5
 OOP programmer define not
only the data type of a data
structure, but also the types of
operations/methods that can
be applied to the data
structure.

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

OOP Basic Terminology 6
 OBJECT – usually a person,
place or thing (a noun).
 METHOD – an action performed
by an object (a verb).
 PROPERTY or ATTRIBUTE –
Characteristics of certain
object.
 CLASS – a category of similar
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
 BASIC CONCEPTS OF
OOP 6
 Objects
 Classes
 Data Abstraction
 Data Encapsulation
 Inheritance
 Polymorphism
 Dynamic binding
 Message Passing.
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
 CLASSES & OBJECT

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

 What are Objects? 7
 Objects are the basic run time
entities in an object oriented
system.
 They may represent a person,
a place, a bank account, a
table of data or any item that
the program has to handle.
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
 What are Objects? 7.1
 Software object model real-
world objects or abstract
concepts.
 Example: Dog, Bicycle,
Keyboard, Person.

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

 What are Objects? 7.2
 Object is any entity that has
state and behavior.
Example: Object is Dog.
 Dogs’ states: name, age,
color, breed
 Dogs’ behaviors: Sleep, Eat,
bark.
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
 What are Objects? 7.3
 How do software object
implement real world object:
 Use variables/data to
implement states
 Use methods/functions to
implement behavior.
 An object is a software bundle
of variables and related
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
 Classes 8
 A class is a prototype, idea,
and blueprint for creating
objects.
 Class is composed of three
things: its name ,
attributes/properties, and
methods/operations.
 A class defines the methods
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
 Classes 8.1

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

 Classes 8.2
 Objects are variables of class.
 Once a class has been defined
we can create any number of
objects or that class.
 A class is collections of objects
of similar type.
 Before we can create an
object, we need to define the
PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)
Classes and Object
Examples 9

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)

Classes and Object
Examples
9.1

PELEC 1 – PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1 (OBJECT ORIENTED PRGRAMMING)