Example 1.2 Rewrite the example 1.

2 using ternary
Example 1.1 Rewrite the following program without operators
using the AND (&&) operators. #include <stdio.h>
# include <stdio.h> int main()
int main( ) {
{ int x;
float m1, m2, m3, m4, m5 ; printf("Enter any number\n");
float percentage; scanf("%d",&x);
printf ( "Enter marks in five subjects \n" ) ; If(x==1)
scanf ( "%f %f %f %f %f", &m1, &m2, &m3, &m4, &m5 ) ; printf("It's Sunday");
percentage = ( m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 + m5 ) / 500 * 100 ; else
if ( percentage >= 60 ) printf("It’s NOT Sunday");
printf ( "First division\n %.2f", percentage ) ; return 0;
if ( percentage >= 50 && percentage < 60 )
}
printf ( "Second division\n %.2f", percentage ) ;
if ( percentage >= 40 && ( percentage < 50)
printf ( "Third division\n %.2f" , percentage ) ;
if ( percentage < 40 )
printf ( "Fail\n %.2f", percentage ) ;
return 0;}
 # include <stdio.h>
# include <stdio.h> int main( )
int main( ) {
{ float m1, m2, m3, m4, m5 ;
float m1, m2, m3, m4, m5 ; float percentage;
printf ( "Enter marks in five subjects \n" ) ;
float percentage;
scanf ( "%f %f %f %f %f", &m1, &m2, &m3, &m4,
printf ( "Enter marks in five subjects \n" ) ; &m5 ) ;
scanf ( "%f %f %f %f %f", &m1, &m2, &m3, &m4, &m5 ) ; percentage = ( m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 + m5 ) / 500 * 100 ;
percentage = ( m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 + m5 ) / 500 * 100 ; if ( percentage >= 60 )
if ( percentage >= 60 ) printf ( "First division\n %.2f", percentage ) ;
printf ( "First division\n %.2f", percentage ) ; else if (percentage >=50 )
if ( percentage >= 50 && percentage < 60 ) printf ( "Second division\n %.2f", percentage ) ;
printf ( "Second division\n %.2f", percentage ) ; else if ( percentage >=40)
if ( percentage >= 40 && ( percentage < 50) printf ( "Third division\n %.2f" , percentage ) ;
printf ( "Third division\n %.2f" , percentage ) ; else
if ( percentage < 40 ) printf ( "Fail\n %.2f", percentage ) ;
printf ( "Fail\n %.2f", percentage ) ; return 0;}
return 0;
}
Example 1.2 using ternary operator Example 1.2 using if-else
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
int main() int main()
{ {
int x; int x;
printf("Enter any number\n"); printf("Enter any number\n");
scanf("%d",&x); scanf("%d",&x);
printf(x==1? "It's Sunday": "It's NOT Sunday"); If(x==1)
return 0; printf("It's Sunday");
} else
printf("It’s NOT Sunday");
return 0;
}
 Loop means to perform a set
of instructions repeatedly.
The while Loop
This involves repeating some The while loop is ideally suited for situations where we
portion of the program either a wish to repeat some instructions till a condition remains
specified number of times or until a true.
particular condition is satisfied. This
repetitive operation is done through Example: 1.1
#include <stdio.h>
a loop control instruction. There are int main(){
three ways to repeat a part of a
program. int i = 1 ;
(a) Using a while statement while ( i <= 5 )
(b) Using a for statement {
(c) Using a do-while statement printf ( " i= %d My first While loop\n",i ) ;
i=i+1;
}
return 0;
}
 1) #include <stdio.h>
2) #include <conio.h>
Example: 1.2
3) int main(){
• Write a C program to calculate simple interest
for 3 sets of values of principal, number of 4) int principal, years, count ;
years and rate of interest. 5) float rate, simple_interest ;
6) count = 1 ;
START
7) while ( count <= 3 )

initialise
8) {
9) printf ( "\nEnter values of principal, years and rate " ) ;

test
False 10) scanf ( "%d %d %f", &principal, &years, &rate ) ;
11) simple_interest = principal * years * rate / 100 ;
True

body of loop
12) printf ( "Simple interest = Rs. %.2f", simple_interest ) ;
13) count = count + 1 ;
increment
STOP 14) }
15) getch();
16) return 0 ;
17) }
 Example: 1.3. Indefinite execution Example: 1.4 Decrement
#include <stdio.h> Operation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h> #include <conio.h>
int main(){ int main(){
int i = 1 , j=0; int i = 5 ;

while ( i <= 10 )
while ( i >= 1 )
printf ( "value of j = %d and value of i= %d\n", j++,i ) ;
{
getch();
printf ( "Make the computer literate\n" ) ;
return 0 ;
i = i - 1 ; // i- - OR - -i;
}
}
getch();
return 0 ;
}
Example: 1.5 (float as loop Example: 1.6 Find mistake if any
counter)
1) #include <stdio.h> 1) # include <stdio.h>
2) #include <conio.h> 2) int main( )
3) int main(){ 3) {
4) float a = 10.0 ; 4) int i = 1 ;
5) while ( a <= 10.5 )
5) while ( i <= 10 ) ;
6) {
6) {
printf ( "Raindrops on roses...\n" ) ;
printf ( "...and whiskers on kittens\n" ) ; printf ( "%d\n", i ) ;
7) a = a + 0.1 ; i=i+1;
8) } 7) }
9) getch(); 8) return 0 ;
10) return 0 ; 9) }
11) }
Example: 1.7 Connecting Logical Example: 1.8 Connecting Logical
Operators (&&) Operators (OR)
1) # include <stdio.h> 1) # include <stdio.h>
2) int main( ) 2) int main( )
3) { 3) {
4) int i = 12 ; 4) int i = 12 ;
5) int j = 8;
5) int j = 8;
6) while ( i >= 10 && j <= 15 )
6) while ( i >= 10 || j <= 15 )
7) {
printf ( "value of i = %d and value of j = %d\n", i, j ) ; 7) {
i = i + 1; printf ( "value of i = %d and value of j = %d\n", i, j ) ;
j=j+1; i = i + 1;
8) } j=j+1;
9) return 0 ;
8) }
10) }
9) return 0 ;
10) }
 Example: 1.9 Continuous loop until a certain Compound Assignment Operator.
condition is met
1) # include <stdio.h> 1) i += 1. is the same as i = i+1.
2) #include <conio.h> 2) j += 10. is the same as j = j + 10
3) k -= 1. is the same as k = k - 1.
3) int main( ) 4) k /= 2. is the same as k = k / 2.
4) { 5) A %= 2 is the same as A = A
5) char x ; % 2.

6) while ( x != 'z' )
7) {
printf ( "\nEnter your value (any Alphabet except z)\t" ) ;
scanf (" %c", &x);
printf ("you entered %c", x);
8) }
9) getch();
10) return 0 ;
11) }
Post and Pre Increment/Decrement
 In the statement while ( i++ < 10 ), first 1) # include <stdio.h>
the comparison of value of i with 10 is 2) int main( )
performed, and then the incrementation of i
takes place. Since the incrementation of i 3) {
happens after the comparison, here the ++ 4) int i = 0 ;
operator is called a post-incrementation operator.
 In the statement while ( ++i <= 10 ), first 5) printf ("First value of i = %d in while ( i++ < 10 ) \n", i );
incrementation of i takes place, then the 6) while ( i++ < 10 )
comparison of value of i with 10 is performed.
printf ( "Inside while loop %d\n", i ) ;
Since the incrementation of i happens before the
comparison, here the ++ operator is called a 7) return 0 ;
pre-incrementation operator.
8) }
 1) # include <stdio.h>
Example 1.10 2) # include <conio.h>
3) int main( )
Write a C program for a simple POS (Point-of-Sale)
system that: 4) {
5) int item,price, sum ;
1. Continuously asks the user to enter the quantity of
items and price per item. 6) printf ("\t Welcome to XYZ POS.\n\n");
2. Calculates and displays the amount for each entry 7) while ( item != 0 )
(quantity * price).
8) {
3. Keeps a running total of all items' costs.
4. Exits and displays the total amount when the user 9) printf ( "Enter quantity of items or 0 to exit \
enters 0 as the quantity. n" ) ;
10) scanf ("%d", &item);
11) if (x==0) break;
12) printf ( "Enter price per item\n" ) ;
13) scanf ("%d", &y);
14) sum = sum + x*y;
15) printf ("Amount Rs: %d \n\n", x*y);
16) }
17) printf ("Total amount Rs: %d", sum);
18) getch();
19) return 0 ;
 1) # include <stdio.h> 19) if (matchsticks-user>1)
Game
Write a program for a 2) # include <conio.h> 20) {
matchstick game being 3) int main( ) 21) computer=5-user;
played between the 4) {
computer and a user. 22) printf("\nComputer's Turn..\n" );
Your program should 5) int matchsticks=21, user, computer;
6) printf("\t Don't enter number less than 1 and 23) printf("\nComputer chooses:%d",
ensure that the
greater 4. Otherwise, computer wins.\n"); computer);
computer always wins.
24)
Rules for the game are
25) matchsticks=matchsticks-user-computer;
as follows: 7) while (matchsticks>=1)
26) continue;
1. There are 21 8) {
27) }
matchsticks. 9) printf("\nNumber of matchsticks
available right now is %d.", matchsticks);
2. The computer asks
10) printf("\n\nYour Turn...\n\n"); 28) if(matchsticks==1)
the player to pick 1,
2, 3, or 4 11) printf("\nPick up the matchstick(s)-- (1-4): "); 29) break;
matchsticks. 30) }
12) scanf ("%d", &user);
3. After the person 13) if (user>4)
31) matchsticks--;
picks, the computer 32) printf("\nComputer Wins");
does its picking. 14) {
15) printf("Invalid Selection");
4. Whoever is forced to 33) getch();
pick up the last 16) break;
34) return 0 ;
matchstick loses the 17) }
35) }