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    Lecture 20

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    Lecture 20

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views29 pages

    Lecture 20

    Uploaded by

    Coffee And tea

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Hydrology (CIVL:3750)

    Lecture 20

    Routing of Runoff in Open Channels

    Winnipeg, MB - 2024
    Concept Review
    The SCS-Triangular Unit Hydrograph

    37.5%
    Concept Review
    The SCS-Triangular Unit Hydrograph

    A = (Tb * qp)/2

    A = ((Tp + Tr) * qp )/2

    Since,

    0.375 A = (Tp * qp)/2

    (Tp * qp)/2/0.375 = ((Tp + Tr) * qp )/2

    Tp/0.375 – Tp = Tr

    2.67 Tp – Tp = Tr

     Tr = 1.67 Tp
    The SCS-Triangular Unit Hydrograph
    But also…

    Also, in general for a runoff accumulation IRunoff in m, basin area A


    is in m2, and Tp in seconds, the peak flow qp is in m3/s

    0.75 𝐴 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐼 𝑅𝑢𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑓


    𝑞 𝑝=
    𝑇𝑝
    The SCS-Triangular Unit Hydrograph
    But also…

    For convenience if IRunoff in inches, basin area A is


    in mi2, and Tp in hours , the peak flow qp is in ft3/s

    484 𝐴𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐼 𝑅𝑢𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑓


    𝑞 𝑝=
    𝑇𝑝
    P3: Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Example
    Given a standard triangular 1-hr UH with

    TP = 3 hr,
    qP = 200 cfs,

    where,
    TP = time to Peak of the UH, qP = peak flow,

    a) What is the area of the basin?

    b) develop a storm hydrograph for hourly rainfall (in


    inches) of

    P = [0.1, 0.5, 1.2]


    Hydrology (CIVL:3750)

    Learning Objectives
    After this session, students should be able to:
    • Define the Saint-Venant equations of mass and
    momentum conservation in an open channel
    • Describe the terms in the Saint-Venant equation
    • Derive streamflow equation for a channel link under
    simplifying assumptions
    • Constant Velocity
    • Variable Velocity
    Hillslope-Link System
    E
    P
    sp
    su qpu
    qpc

    ss qus Layer i

    qsc q1
    q2

    qc
    Movement of Water in Open Channels
    The Saint-Venant Equations

    Mass Conservation Equation

    Momentum Conservation Equation


    Movement of Water in Open Channels
    What do we need to know to solve the Saint-Venant Equations in a
    network of channels:

    • Elevation of riverbed
    • Slope
    • Cross-sectional geometry
    • Friction at every cross section
    • Relationship between friction and river depth
    Movement of Water in Open Channels
    What do we need to know to solve the Saint-Venant Equations in a
    network of channels:
    Changes in River Slope
    Changes in River Slope

    0.1 km2

    𝛼𝛾
    𝛾 𝐴 0.1 km2
    Flow Velocity in Real Channels
    Rivers self-adjust their hydraulics (velocity, friction, suspended sediment transport rate),
    and their geometry (depth, width, and slope), in response to space-time variations in river
    flows and sediment flows in drainage networks.

    At-a-station Hydraulic Geometry


    Flow Velocity in Real Channels
    Rivers self-adjust their hydraulics (velocity, friction, suspended sediment transport rate),
    and their geometry (depth, width, and slope), in response to space-time variations in river
    flows and sediment flows in drainage networks.

    At-a-station Hydraulic Geometry


    Flow Velocity in Real Channels
    Rivers self-adjust their hydraulics (velocity, friction, suspended sediment transport rate),
    and their geometry (depth, width, and slope), in response to space-time variations in river
    flows and sediment flows in drainage networks.

    Downstream Hydraulic Geometry


    Flow Velocity in Real Channels
    Rivers self-adjust their hydraulics (velocity, friction, suspended sediment transport rate),
    and their geometry (depth, width, and slope), in response to space-time variations in river
    flows and sediment flows in drainage networks.

    Downstream Hydraulic Geometry


    Simplified Cases of Flow in Open Channels
    Flow travels at constant speed

    If v and l are constant it follows that,

    q=vCA
    Simplified Cases of Flow in Open Channels
    Flow travels at constant speed
    The hydrograph is the solution of a coupled system of equations
    Hillslope-Link System

    𝑑 𝑠𝑝
    =𝑅𝐶 ∗ 𝑃 ( 𝑡 ) −𝑘2 𝑠 𝑝 −𝑒 𝑝
    𝑑𝑡
    𝑑 𝑠𝑠
    =( 1 − 𝑅𝐶 ) ∗ 𝑃 ( 𝑡 ) −𝑘3 𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑒𝑝
    𝑑𝑡

    𝑅 ( 𝑡 )=𝑘2 𝑠 𝑝 𝑎 h − 𝑘3 𝑠 𝑠 𝑎 h
    𝑑 𝑞𝑐 𝑣
    = ( 𝑅 ( 𝑡 ) − 𝑞𝑐 +𝑞 1+𝑞 2 )
    𝑑𝑡 𝑙
    q1
    q2

    qc
    Connection between Flows and
    Network Geometry

    Soap Creek

    Chequest Creek
    Connection between Flows and
    Network Geometry

    Hydrograph
    Width Function
    (25 mm in 1 hour)

    Soap Creek

    Chequest Creek
    Connection between Flows and
    Network Geometry
    A more realistic case (water dispersion)

    If v=vo ql1 Al2 and l is constant it follows that,

    q=vCA
    Hillslope-Link System

    𝑑 𝑠𝑝
    =𝑅𝐶 ∗ 𝑃 ( 𝑡 ) −𝑘2 𝑠 𝑝 −𝑒 𝑝
    𝑑𝑡
    𝑑 𝑠𝑠
    =( 1 − 𝑅𝐶 ) ∗ 𝑃 ( 𝑡 ) −𝑘3 𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑒𝑝
    𝑑𝑡

    𝑅 ( 𝑡 )=𝑘2 𝑠 𝑝 𝑎 h − 𝑘3 𝑠 𝑠 𝑎 h
    𝜆1 𝜆2
    𝑑 𝑞𝑐 𝑣 𝑜 𝑞𝑐 𝐴
    𝑑𝑡
    = ( 𝑅 (𝑡 ) −𝑞𝑐 +𝑞 1+ 𝑞2 )
    (1 − 𝜆1) 𝑙
    q1
    q2

    qc
    Flow Velocity in Real Channels
    Flow Velocity in Real Channels
    Flow Velocity in Real Channels
    Connection between Flows and
    Network Geometry
    Constant Velocity vs. Variable Velocity
    Hydrology (CIVL:3750)

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