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    Ecg

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    Akshara

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ecg

    Uploaded by

    Akshara
    1 views31 pages

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    1 views31 pages

    Ecg

    Uploaded by

    Akshara

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 31

    ECG

    The Normal Electrocardiogram (ECG)

    The record of potential fluctuations of


    myocardial fibers at the surface of the body
    ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG)
    • ECG is the surface recording of the
    summated electrical activity of the
    heart for each beat by placing surface
    electrodes (Leads).

    • Body is a Volume conductor, electrical


    activity of the Heart are conducted all
    over the body for each beat.

    • Instrument used for recording ECG is


    called Electrocardiograph, which
    amplifies the electrical signals.
    Procedure of ECG recording
    • Electrocardiograph: Instrument
    which records electrical signals
    on a ‘mm’ graph paper at a
    speed of 25 mm/sec.
    • 2 methods of recording,
    1.‘Bipolar’ or Standard limb leads
    of Einthoven
    2.Unipolar leads
    ‘Bipolar’ or Standard
    limb leads of
    Einthoven
    2 active electrodes (Exploring)
    • Lead I: records potential bet
    RA–LA,
    • Lead II: records between RA-
    LF,
    • Lead III: records between LA-
    LF
    Unipolar recording
    1. Active or Exploring electrode

    Indifferent Electrode Kept at ‘Zero’


    Potential

    • VL – left arm,
    • VF – left foot &
    • VR- Right Arm.
    • Precordial Leads of
    Wilson:
    V1 to V6
    • Influenced by the part of the heart
    nearest to the electrodes.

    • V1 to V6 – Horizontal plane
    Precordial Chest Leads
    NORMAL ECG & ITS WAVES:
    ‘P’ WAVE
    • Duration: 0.1 sec, +ve wave
    • Amplitude:0.1 to 0.12mV
    • Due to Atrial Depolarization
    • Represents the spread of impulse from SA
    node to atrial muscles
    Start of ECG Cycle
    Early P Wave
    Later in P Wave
    QRS- COMPLEX
    ‘

    • Ventricular depolarization,

    • QRS- 0.08-0.12 Sec.duration


    •
    ‘QRS’ COMPLEX;
    ‘

    DEPOLARIZATION OF VENTRICULAR MUSCLE


    •‘Q’ small –ve wave, Due to mid-
    portion of inter-ventricular septal
    depolarization.

    •‘R’ wave: prominent,+ ve wave,


    depolarization of major portion of
    ventricles.

    •‘S’ wave –ve ,represents the


    activation of postero-basal portion.
    Early QRS
    Later in QRS
    S-T segment:
    • Long iso -electric period from the
    end of ‘s’ to beginning of ‘T’. 0.08
    SEC
    ‘.
    S-T Segment
    T’ wave:
    ventricular repolarization
    duration 0.27 sec
    Amplitude:0.3mv
    +ve wave,,
    end coincides with
    closure of semi lunar
    valves
    Early T Wave
    Later in T-Wave
    Back to where we started
    Electrical Activity of Myocardium
    1) atrial depolarization
    begins
    2) atrial depolarization
    complete (atria
    contracted)
    3) ventricles begin to
    depolarize at
    apex; atria
    repolarize (atria
    relaxed)
    4) ventricular
    depolarization
    complete
    (ventricles
    contracted)
    5) ventricles begin to
    repolarize at apex
    6) ventricular
    repolarization
    complete
    (ventricles
    relaxed)
    Heart block
    • Blockage of impulses generated by SA
    node
    • Impulses fails to reach cardiac muscle.
    • 2types:
    • Sinoatrial block
    • Atrioventricular block
    Sinoatrial block

    • Impulses fails to reach from SA node to AV node


    • Heart stops beating. Immediately AV node starts
    beating---AV nodal rhythm

    • 40-60BEATS/MIN
    Atrioventricular block
    • Impulses are not transmitting from atria(AV
    node) to ventricles.
    • 2 TYPES:
    • INCOMPLETE BLOCK
    • COMPLETE BLOCK
    • INCOMPLETE BLOCK
    • Transmission of impulses from atria(AV node)
    to ventricles is slow down not blocked
    completely
    • 4types:
    • First degree
    • Second degree
    • Wenckebach phenomenon
    • Bundle branch block
    • COMPLETE BLOCK
    • Transmission of impulses from atria to
    ventricles is blocked completely
    • Ventricles beat in their own rhythm
    • Cause:
    • Disease of AV node--leads to AV nodal block
    • Defective conductive system

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