Reading

In an electric motor an electric current and magnetic field produce a turning movement. This can drive all sorts
of machines, from wrist watches to trains. The motor shown in Fig.1 is for a washing machine. It is a universal
motor, which can run on direct or alternating current.

An electric current running through a wire produces a magnetic field around the wire. If an electric current
flows around a loop of wire with a bar of iron through it, the iron becomes magnetized. It is called an
electromagnet; one end becomes a north pole and the other a south pole, depending on which way the current
is flowing around the loop.

Fig.1
 Nhóm 8
Thành viên nhóm

Đặng Nhật Cao Anh Phan Minh

Tín Tuấn Tiến
6251040123 6251040133 6251040122
 Unit 6:
The electric
motor
 A. Understanding a printed text

Work in your groups. List as many items as you can in the home which use
electric motors. Which room has the most items?
Vocabulary

Alternating current [ˈɒl.tə.neɪ.tɪŋ ˈkʌrənt] phr dòng điện xoay

chiều (AC)
Armature [ˈɑː.mə.tjʊər] n
cuộn cảm ứng, lõi, cốt
Attraction [əˈtræk.ʃən] n
sức hút, sự hút
Carbon brush [ˈkɑː.bən brʌʃ ] phr chổi than
Commutator [ˈkɒm.jə.teɪ.tər] n cái đảo mạch, cái
cổ góp
Field [fiːld] n
(điện) trường, lĩnh vực
Gap [ɡæp] n
khe hở, khoảng cách
Vocabulary

Pole [pəʊl] n
cực (nam châm, ắc qui)
Quarter [ˈkwɔː.tər] n
một phần tư, phía, nơi
Repel [rɪˈpel] v
đẩy đi xa, đẩy lùi, đẩy
Repulsion [rɪˈpʌlʃn] n
lực đẩy
Reverse [rɪˈvɜːs] adj
đảo,sự đổi chiều,
Skimming [ˈskɪmɪŋ] n
lướt qua, (đọc) qua loa
Split [splɪt] adj
Reading

 Another useful strategy is reading a text quickly to get a general idea of the kind of information it contains.
You can then decide which parts of the text are worth reading in more detail later, depending on your reading
purpose. This strategy called skimming.
 Skim this text and identify the paragraphs which contain information on each of these topics. The first one
has been done for you.

 a. What electric motors are used for 1

paragraph­
­______________
b. The commutator 6 paragraph­­______________
c. Why the armature turns 5 paragraph­­______________
d. Electromagnets 2 paragraph­­______________
e. Effects of putting magnets together 3 ­______________
paragraph­
f. The armature 4 paragraph­­______________
Reading

If you put two magnets close together, like poles - for example, two north poles-
repel each other, and unlike poles attract each other.
In a simple electric motor, like the one shown in Fig.2, a piece of iron loops of
wire round it, called an armature, is placed between the north and south poles of a
stationary magnet, known as the field magnet. When electricity flows around the
armature wire, the iron becomes an electromagnet.
Reading

The attraction and repulsion between the poles of this armature magnet and the
poles of the field magnet make the armature turn. As a result, its north pole is
close to the south pole of the field magnet. Then the current is reversed so the
north pole of the armature magnet becomes the south pole. Once again, the
attraction and repulsion between it and the field magnet make it turn. The
armature continues turning as long as the direction of the current, and therefore its
magnetic poles, keeps being reversed
To reverse the direction of the current, the ends of the armature wire are
connected to different halves of a split ring called a commutator. Current flows to
and from the commutator through small carbon blocks called brushes. As the
armature turn, first one half of the commutator comes into contact with the brush
delivering the current, and then the other, so the direction of the current keeps
being reversed.
 B. Check your understanding
I. Answer the questions about the text:
1. What do an electric current and magnetic field produce in an electric motor ?
 A turning movement.
2. Can a universal motor run on direct and alternating current ?
 Yes, it can.
3 What happen if you put two magnets close together, like poles-for example, two north poles ?
 They repel each other.
4. What make the armature turn?
 The attraction and repulsion between the poles of this armature and the poles of the field magnet.
5. What must be done to reverse the direction of the current?
 The ends of the armature wire are connected to different halves of a split ring called a commutator
 B. Check your understanding

II. Match each of these diagrams with the correct description A, B, C or D. One of
the descriptions does not match any of the diagrams (The diagrams are in the correct sequences,
but the descriptions are not)
 B. Check your understanding

A
Thearmature turns a quarter of a turn. Then electric contact is broken because of the gap in the
commutator, but the armature keeps turning because there is nothing to stop it.
B
When current flows, the armature becomes an electromagnet. Its north pole is attracted by the south pole
and repelled by the north pole of the field magnet
C
When a universal motor is run on direct current, the magnetic poles in the armature change while those of
the field magnet remain constant.
D
When the commutator comes back into contact with the brushes, current flows through the armature in
the opposite direction. Its poles are reversed and the tum continues.
 B. Check your understanding
 1.B
 2.A
 3.D
 C is true statement but does not match many of the diagrams.
C. WORD STUDY ( WORD
FORMATION)
 Some nouns and verbs have the same form, the same spelling and pronunciation.

Verb Noun
design design
cause cause
use use
 C. WORD STUDY

 I. Look back at the reading text and find all the verbs and nouns which have the same form.

Machine Call
Direct Block
Show Contact
Turn Brush
 C. WORD STUDY

II. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the word is brackets.
 is placedon a flat surface. (PLACE)
1. In a simple experiment on friction, a block of wood­­__________
 places (PLACE)
2. After work, tools should be kept in dry and clean__________
 machine destructive and wasteful. (MACHINE)
3. Friction in__________is
s
 4. Brass is a metal machine
which is a good conductor and can be easily__________(MACHINE)
d
 5. In order to avoid future accidents, equipment should not be operated by untrained________personnel.
(TRAIN)
 traine
6. It is important that all workers must be __________in basic safety. (TRAIN)
d
 C. WORD STUDY
 7. In an electric motor an electric current and magnetic field produce a turning movement which can
machines from wrist__________to__________.(MACHINE/WATCH/
drive all sorts of__________, washes trains TRAIN)
 8. "It's my__________ watchin "said the soldier. (TURN/WATCH)
turn to keep__________
flows g
 9. When electricity__________around the armature wire, the iron becomes an electromagnet. (FLOW)
 turn
10. Over the past fifty years, most American and European cities__________to landfills, where
flows
waste__________ are regulated and controlled. (TURN/FLOW)
contact
 11. The two substances are now in__________and a chemical reaction is occurring. (CONTACT)
contact
 12 Where can technicians__________the manager tomorrow? (CONTACT)
turning
 13. While he was__________ a brass component on Tuesday, last weak, Kenneth Oliver, machinist,
received an injury to his eye (TURN)
turns contact
 14. As the armature__________first one, half of the commutator comes into__________with the brush
delivering the current.(TURN/CONTACT)
 D. LANGUAGE STUDY
DESCRIBING FUNCTION
 Try to answer this question:
What does an electric motor do?

 When we answer a question like this, we describe the function of something. We

can describe the function of an electric motor in this way:
An electric motor converts electrical energy to mechanical
energy.
 We can emphasize the function like this: 0
The function of an electric motor is to convert electrical energy
to mechanical energy.
 D. LANGUAGE STUDY

 Match each of these motor components to its function, and then describe its function in a
sentence.
 Component Function
 1 armature a transfers rotation from the motor
 2 bearings b creates an electromagnetic field
 3 brushes c converts electromagnetic energy
to rotation
 4 commutator d reverses the current to the armature
 5 drive shaft e support the drive shaft
 6 field windings f current to the armature
 D. LANGUAGE STUDY

Match each of these motor components to its function, and then describe its
function in a sentence.
 The function of an armature is to convert electromagnetic energy to rotation.
1…………..………………………………………………………………
 The function of bearings is to support the drive shaft.
2…………..………………………………………………………………
 The function of brushes is to current to the armature.
3…………..………………………………………………………………
 The function of a commutator is to reverse the current to the armature.
4…………..………………………………………………………………
 The function of a drive shaft is to transfer rotation from the motor.
5…………..………………………………………………………………
 The function of field windings is to create an electromagnetic field.
6…………..………………………………………………………………
 E. WRITING
DESCRIBING COMPONENTS
Dismantle this simple dc motor into its components by completing the labeling of the chart
below.

DC motor

1. Field magnet 2. Armature

3. Commutator Loop of wire

4. Brushes
 E. WRITING

Now study this description of the motor.

 A simple DC motor consists of a field magnet and an armature. The armature is placed between the
poles of the magnet. The armature is made up of a loop of wire and a split ring known as a commutator.
The loop is connected to the commutator. Current is supplied to the motor through carbon blocks called
brushes.

To write a description, you need to use language to

 1 dismantle a piece of equipment into its main parts. These expressions will help:

consist of
A is made up of X and Y
is composed of
2 name of components:
Carbon blocks know as brushes
called
 E. WRITING
3 locate components:
The armature is placed between the poles.
4 connect component:
The loop is connected to the commutator

Complete the text with the help of the diagram. Use the following words:
are made up is composed
consists is placed

A transformer………………..of two coils, a primary and a secondary. The coils are wound on a former
which is mounted on a core. The coils……………….of a number of loops of wire. The core …………….
of thin pieces of soft iron. U- and T-shaped pieces am used. The former……………….of on the leg of
the T.
 E. WRITING
Now label the diagram below using the completed text

Coils Core

Former Loop of wire T-shaped U-shaped

piece of iron piece of iron
 F. FURTHER PRACTICE
NEGATIVES
 I. Change these sentences like this
 A robot never gets bored. → A robot does not get bored.
 Robots never get bored. → Robots do not get bored
 A
Robots do not complain
Robots never complain. →…………………………………………………………
 B A computer does not make mistakes
A computer never makes mistakes. →……………………………………………..
 C
A robot does not eat
A robot never eats. →……………………………………………………………..
 D Some satellites do not return to Earth
Some satellites never return to Earth. →……………………………………………….
 E Machines do not demand higher wages
Machines never demand higher wages. →…………………………………………
 F Some materials do not decay
Some materials never decay. →……………………………………………………
 G A wet bird does not fly at night
A wet bird never flies at night. →…………………………………………………..

 F. FURTHER PRACTICE

II. Giving reasons

You are planning a factory operated totally on robots. Make a list of things you don't need and
say why.
E.g. a canteen
You don't need a canteen to provide meals because robots don't eat.

 1 medical facilities
 2 a clock
 3 washing facilities
 4 wages clerks
 5 car park
 6 heaters
 F. FURTHER PRACTICE

II. Giving reasons

 You are planning a factory operated totally on robots. Make a list of things you don't need and say
why.
E.g. a canteen
You don't need a canteen to provide meals because robots don't eat.

You don't need medical facilities because robots don't have accidents
1.
You don't need a clock because robots don't take breaks.
2.You don't need washing facilities because robots don't have to clean themselves.
3.You don't need wages clerks because robots don't need paying.
4.You don't need car park because robots don't have cars.
5.You don't need to heat the factories because robots don't feel the cold.
6.
 F. FURTHER PRACTICE

III. Translate the sentences into Vietnamese

If a robot has been programmed, it will do its job over and over again.
Nếu rô bốt đã được lập trình, nó sẽ làm đi làm lại công việc của mình
A robot can work for 24 hours a day without breaks for food, rest or sleep it
doesn't take holidays or demand higher wages.
Rô bốt có thể làm việc 24 giờ một ngày mà không cần nghỉ giải lao để ăn, nghỉ ngơi hay
ngủ. Nó không nghỉ lễ hoặc yêu cầu mức lương cao hơn
Robots can be designed to do almost any job; they can also do very heavy work and they can
operate in conditions that are too dangerous, too hot or too cold for people to work in.
Rô bốt có thể được thiết kế để thực hiện hầu hết mọi công việc; Chúng cũng có thể làm
các công việc nặng nhọc và có thể làm việc trong điều kiện hết sức nguy hiểm, quá nóng
hoặc quá lạnh đối với con người đến làm việc
 F. FURTHER PRACTICE
IV. Match each requirement to the correct reason.
Product: Garden chair
Requirement
Reason
1 lightweight
a stores easily in winter
2 strong
b spends most of the time outside
3 stackable
c supports heavy adults
4 available in a range of colours d keeps manufacturing
costs low
5 durable
e easy to lift
 F. FURTHER PRACTICE

 V . Tick (√ ) the ones you agree with and cross (X) those you disagree with
 1 Appropriate technology is only for poor countries X
 2 Technology students should invent and make appropriate technology devices √
 3 Studying appropriate technology is a waste of time X
 4 Appropriate technology is out-of-date technology. X
 F. FURTHER PRACTICE

VI. Put the verbs into correct tenses

 I: Where you (1.work_________________) before present job?
 A: 1 (2. spend_________________) three and a half years with a large defence company
 I: And what your job (3.be_________________) there?
 A: 1(4 be_________________) a test engineer
 I: You (5.find_________________)that experience useful when you(6.move_________________) over to
your present job?
 A: I (7. think_________________) it (8.be_________________).
 I: You (9. go_________________) there on leaving school or you (10.go_________________) to college
first?
 A: No, I (11. spend_________________)three years doing a course in Electrical and Electronic
Engineering. I (12.do_________________) six months doing work-related studies.
 I: Where you (13. do_________________) that?
 A: (14. spend) some time in a company which (15. build_________________)ultrasonic measuring
instruments. Again I (16. be) lucky- it (17. be_________________)a very interesting job. I(18.
do_________________) a lot of field service.

 F. FURTHER PRACTICE

VI. Put the verbs into correct tenses

 I: Where did you work before present job?
 A: 1 spent three and a half years with a large defence company.
 I: And what was your job there?
 A: I was a test engineer.
 I: Did you find that experience useful when you moved over to your present job?
 A: I think it was
 I: Did you go there on leaving school or did you go to college first?
 A: No, I spent three years doing a course in Electrical and Electronic Engineering. I did
six months doing work-related studies.
 I: Where did you do that?
 A: I spent some time in a company which built ultrasonic measuring instruments. Again I
was lucky- it was a very interesting job. I did a lot of field service.
 G. LISTENING & SPEAKING
 Listening: Describing Specifications
 Listen and complete the specifications chart.

MB471/316 Tunnel Drill Specifications

Length 24.4 meters
Diameter 14.3 meters
Speed 3 meters per hour
Manpower needed At least 230 workers
Cost More than 31 million dollars
 G. LISTENING & SPEAKING
Speaking: Expressing Solutions
Make full questions and answers based on the following information.
A: What should we do if the diver’s location under water is unknow?
B: you should locate them and mark their position.


Thank you
for watching !