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IP ADDRESSING PROTOCOL
• An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a unique numerical
identifier for every device or network that connects to the internet. • Typically assigned by an internet service provider (ISP), an IP address is an online device address used for communicating across the internet. • There are two versions of IP addresses that are commonly used on the internet: IPv4 and IPv6. • An IPv4 address is expressed as a set of four dotted decimal numbers, where each octet is separated by a period, such as 192.168.35.4. • The three digits in the first octet represent a particular network on the internet while the rest of the digits represent the actual host address within the local network CLASS OF IP ADDRESS
• The 32-bit IP address is divided into five sub-classes. These are
given below: • Class A • Class B • Class C • Class D • Class E • Each of these classes has a valid range of IP addresses. Classes D and E are reserved for multicast and experimental purposes respectively. • The class of IP address is used to determine the bits used for network ID and host ID and the number of total networks and hosts possible in that particular class. Each ISP or network administrator assigns an IP address to each device that is connected to its network. • Class A • IP addresses belonging to class A are assigned to the networks that contain a large number of hosts. • The network ID is 8 bits long. • The host ID is 24 bits long. • IP addresses belonging to class A ranges from 0.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255. CLASS B
• IP address belonging to class B is assigned to
networks that range from medium-sized to large- sized networks. • The network ID is 16 bits long. • The host ID is 16 bits long. • IP addresses belonging to class B ranges from 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255. CLASS C
• IP addresses belonging to class C are assigned to
small-sized networks. • The network ID is 24 bits long. • The host ID is 8 bits long. • IP addresses belonging to class C range from 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255. CLASS D
• IP address belonging to class D is reserved for
multi-casting. • Class D does not possess any subnet mask. IP addresses belonging to class D range from 224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255. • IP addresses belonging to class E are reserved for experimental and research purposes. • IP addresses of class E range from 240.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255 PRIVATE IP ADDRESS
• Private IP Addresses are those addresses that work
within the local network. • These addresses are non-routable on the Internet. • The address is basically assigned by the network router to your particular device. • The unique private IP address is provided to every device which is on the same network. • In this way, devices communicate with one another on the same network without connecting to the entire Internet. • In this way, Private IP addresses are able to provide more security within a particular network. PUBLIC IP ADDRESS
• a Public IP address is defined as a unique numerical
value that is assigned to the particular device connected in the network that makes use of internet protocol for communication and transmission. • This basically offers a globally recognizable address that enables user’s devices to actually transmit and receive the data or packets across a wide range of networks, which is called Internet Public IP addresses are actually routable on the Internet which means that they can be accessed and communicated through any device, from any part or from any region of the world. SUBNET MASK
• A subnet mask is a 32-bit number created by
setting the host bits to all 0s and setting network bits to all 1s. • In this way, the subnet mask is separated the IP address into the host address and network address. • The broadcast address is always assigned to the "255" address, and a network address is always assigned to the "0" address. • Since the subnet mask is reserved for a special purpose, it cannot be assigned to the host.
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