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Sampling

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17 views20 pages

Sampling

Uploaded by

drhumamajeed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SAMPLING AND ITS TYPES

Contents to be Covered
 BasicTerminologies
 Population
 Sample and Sampling
 Probability Sampling
 Non-Probability Sampling
Some Terminologies
 Population or Universe: It refers to the
group of people, items or units under
investigation and includes every individual.
 Sample: a collection consisting of a part or subset
of the objects or individuals of population which is
selected for the purpose, representing the population
 Sampling: It is the process of selecting a
sample from the population. For this population is
divided into a number of parts called Sampling Units. or
 Sampling is the process of selecting observations (a
sample) to provide an adequate description and
inferences of the population.
Sampling Design Process
Types of Sampling
1. Probability Sampling: A probability
sample is one in which each member of
the population has an equal chance of
being selected.
2. Non-Probability Sampling:
Nonprobability Sample a particular
member of the population being chosen is
unknown.
 In probability sampling, randomness is

the element of control. In Non-probability


sampling, it relies on personal judgment.
Probability Sampling
1. Simple Random Sampling: Here all
members have the same chance
(probability) of being selected. Random
method provides an unbiased cross
selection of the population.
For Example,
We wish to draw a sample of 50 students
from a population of 400 students. Place all
400 names in a container and draw out 50
names one by one.
 Like a lottery
2. Systematic Sampling: Each member of the
sample comes after an equal interval from its
previous member.
For Example, for a sample of 50 students, the
sampling fraction is 50/400 = 1/8 i.e. select one
student out of every eight students in the population.
The starting points for the selection is chosen at
random.
3. Stratified Sampling: The population is
divided into smaller homogenous group or
strata by some characteristic and from each
of these strata members are selected
randomly.
Finally from each stratum using simple
random or systematic sample method is
used to select final sample.
4. Cluster Sampling (Area Sampling): A
researcher/ enumerator selects sampling units at
random and then does complete observation of all
units in the group.

For example, the study involves Primary schools.

Select randomly 15 schools. Then study all the


children of 15 schools. In cluster sampling the unit of
sampling consists of multiple cases. It is also known
as area sampling, as the selection of individual
member is made on the basis of place residence or
employment.
Non Probability Sampling
1. Purposive Sampling: In this sampling
method, the researcher selects a "typical
group" of individuals who might represent the
larger population and then collects data from
this group. Also known as Judgmental
Sampling.
2. Convenience Sampling : It refers to
the procedures of obtaining units or
members who are most conveniently
available. It consists of units which are
obtained because cases are readily
available.
In selecting the incidental sample, the
researcher determines the required sample size
and then simply collects data on that number
of individuals who are available easily.
3. Quota Sampling: The selection of the sample
is made by the researcher, who decides the
quotas for selecting sample from specified sub
groups of the population.

 For example, an interviewer might be need data


from 40 adults and 20 adolescents in order to
study students’ television viewing habits.

Selection will be
 20 Adult men and 20 adult women

 10 adolescent girls and 10 adolescent boys


4. Snowball Sampling:

 In snowball sampling, the researcher


Identifying and selecting available
respondents who meet the criteria for
inclusion.
 After the data have been collected from the
subject, the researcher asks for a referral
of other individuals, who would also meet
the criteria and represent the population of
concern.

 chain sampling, chain-referral, sampling


referral sampling

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