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Course 1 Module 11 Lesson 2

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3 views8 pages

Course 1 Module 11 Lesson 2

Uploaded by

Yanet Cesaire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Information Systems Program

Module 11
Normalization Concepts and Practice

Lesson 2: Functional dependencies


Lesson Objectives
• Define functional dependency
• Explain analogy of functional dependency to unique
constraint
• Falsify functional dependencies in sample rows

Information Systems Program


Functional Dependency Basics
• Constraint on the possible rows in a table
• Value neutral like FKs and PKs
• Asserted
• Understand business rules

Information Systems Program


FD Definition
• Notation: X  Y
• X (functionally) determines Y
• For each X value, there is at most one Y value
• StdNo  StdCity if each StdNo value has at most one
StdCity value
• X: left-hand side (LHS) or determinant
• Y: right-hand side (RHS)

Information Systems Program


Unique Constraint Analogy
• Similar to uniqueness constraint
• Place RHS and LHS in a table by themselves
• Examples
– OfferNo  OffYear
– OfferNo, StdNo  EnrGrade

StdNo StdClass OfferNo OffYear EnrGrade CourseNo CrsDesc


S1 JUN O1 2017 3.5 C1 DB

S1 JUN O2 2017 3.3 C2 VB

S2 JUN O3 2018 3.1 C3 OO

S2 JUN O2 2017 3.4 C2 VB


5

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FD Lists and Diagrams
StdNo  StdCity, StdClass
OfferNo  OffTerm, OffYear, CourseNo, CrsDesc
CourseNo  CrsDesc
StdNo, OfferNo  EnrGrade

StdNo StdCity StdClass OfferNo OffTerm OffYear CourseNo CrsDesc EnrGrade

Information Systems Program


Falsification of FDs using Sample Rows

• Prove non existence (but not existence) by looking at data


• Two rows that have the same X value but a different Y value

StdNo StdClass OfferNo OffYear EnrGrade CourseNo CrsDesc


S1 JUN O1 2017 3.5 C1 DB

S1 JUN O2 2017 3.3 C2 VB

S2 JUN O3 2018 3.1 C3 OO

S2 JUN O2 2017 3.4 C2 VB

Information Systems Program


Summary
• FDs are important constraints
• Asserting FDs is essential for removing unwanted
redundancy
• Refinement activity

Information Systems Program

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