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Course1Module11Lesson1

Uploaded by

Yanet Cesaire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Information Systems Program

Module 11
Normalization Concepts and Practice

Lesson 1: Modification Anomalies


Lesson Objectives
• Define modification anomaly
• Provide examples of modification anomalies
• Understand processing orientation for avoiding
modification anomalies

Information Systems Program


Modification Anomaly
• Unexpected side effect from a row operation
• Must insert, modify, and delete more data than desired
• Caused by excessive redundancies
• Strive for one fact in one place

Information Systems Program


Big University Database Table

StdNo StdClass OfferNo OffYear EnrGrade CourseNo CrsDesc


S1 JUN O1 2017 3.5 C1 DB
S1 JUN O2 2017 3.3 C2 VB
S2 JUN O3 2018 3.1 C3 OO
S2 JUN O2 2017 3.4 C2 VB

Information Systems Program


Anomaly Examples
• To insert a course (C4), must know student and offering
• Update multiple rows to change the description of course
C2
• A row deletion can cause inadvertent removal of related
entities. Deleting third enrollment row (S2, O3) loses
details about O3 and C3.

Information Systems Program


Summary
• Modification anomaly: unwanted side effect from a row
operation
• More rows impacted than anticipated
• Motivation for normalization process to remove excessive
redundancies

Information Systems Program

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